体育运动中的滞空及其形成机制研究

Study on Hanging in the Air in Sports and its Mechanics

滞空是篮球、排球、跳远、武术等体育运动项目中常常提到的概念,也是体育运动中确实存在的一种现象,即运动员跳起后人体的头部和上体在空中停留的现象;这一现象曾因看似违背经典力学定律而备受质疑。研究通过梳理相关文献资料并结合运动生理学和运动生物力学相关知识,对滞空现象存在的本质进行了全面的分析,结果表明:滞空现象确实存在也并不违背相关运动学定律;滞空现象是运动员通过巧妙改变自身重心的位置来实现的,其形成机制包括以下三个方面:一、充分利用最高点前后人体纵向速度较小的特点;二、通过运动员肢体的相对运动改变了人体重心的相对位置;三、通过腹式逆呼吸的方法改变身体重心相对位置。

Hanging in the air is a common phenomenon and it is also an often-mentioned concept in basketball,volleyball,martial arts,track & field and other sports. It is a real phenomenon in sports,hanging in the air means the athlete can keep his/her head and upper body stay in the air for a moment. This phenomenon is often questioned because it is seemingly contrary to Newton’s law in mechanics. By using literature review and sports physiology and sports biomechanics related knowledge,this study analyses the essence of hanging in the air and the results showed that 1) Hanging in the air does exist in sports and it is not contrary to the mechanics law;2) the phenomenon was achieved by changing the location of the center of gravity,it’s mechanism included the following three aspects: Firstly,by making full use of the smaller velocity changing before and after the highest point. Secondly,by changing the limbs and trunk transformed the position of the center of gravity. At finally by using reverse abdominal breathing altered the center of gravity.