杭州西湖周边地质遗迹景观及其意义

On the geological landscapes heritages and their significances of West Lake and its surrounding area in Hangzhou

杭州西湖文化景观已列入世界文化遗产名录,作为西湖文化景观的载体和组成要素的西湖自然景观,深藏着众多的地质遗迹。杭州西湖周边地质研究程度比较高,但是该区地质遗迹景观调查和研究较少。本文在杭州西湖景区自然景观地质遗迹特征研究的基础上,分析研究了杭州西湖地质遗迹景观类型及其价值。认为三叠纪中-晚期的印支构造运动形成的西湖复向斜及其与之伴生的断层构造对西湖周边群山的发育起到了关键控制作用。西湖及其周边地质景观,根据景观分类大体可以归纳为地质地貌类、水体类、岩溶类、构造类和火山岩类景观五大类。其中西湖属于潟湖逐渐与海隔绝和水体淡化而成的湖泊;而钱塘江发育则与区域性的深大断裂球川--萧山断裂在燕山期以后拉张有关。杭州西湖及其周边各种地质遗迹景观与地质构造运动、中生代火山活动和后期碳酸盐岩分布地区的喀斯特风化有关,这些地质作用不但给这一地区造就了美丽的自然风景,同时使得这一地区具有丰富的地质研究、教学、科普宣传、旅游以及研究人文历史等方面的价值;对于提高西湖自然景观的科学性认识和文化内涵具有重要理论意义和现实意义。为更好地保护西湖美景和杭州可持续性发展,建议申报杭州西湖国家级地质公园。

The West Lake in Hangzhou City has become one of the world cultural heritages. As the core of cultural and beautiful natural landscapes of Hangzhou City, the West Lake also contains rich geological contents, but systematic investigation and research from geological perspective are still lacking. The Xihu(the West Lake) complex syncline and associated faults formed during the Middle Triassic Indosinian Movement played a critical role in controlling the current topography around the West Lake. The geological landscape around the West Lake can be summarized into five main types: they are geological topographic, waterbody, karst topographic, tectonic and volcanic landscapes respectively. The West Lake was formed from a lagoon and gradually became a freshwater lake after it was separated from the coastal sea during sea-level rise and fall and artificial dredging. The Qiantang River is related to the extension of the major Qiuchuan-Xiaoshan Fault in this region. The natural landscapes and karst topography in the Hangzhou area were mainly related to strong Mesozoic volcanic activities and subsequent weathering of the carbonate strata. All those geological effects not only enriched the contents in geological research, teaching, popular sciences, tourism and cultural education, but also greatly enhance the international recognition and cultural significance of West Lake and surrounding area. It is desirable to suggest that the West Lake and her surrounding area should be listed as a national geopark in order to protect their beautiful natural landscapes and keep the sustainable development of Hangzhou City.