海洋环境条件下浮动堆安全壳设计

Design of floating nuclear power plant containment under marine environment conditions

[目的]浮动堆经过在军用舰船上几十年的发展和运行经验积累,反应堆的安全性得到了很大提高,在民用领域的推广应用逐渐被认可,目前亟需解决反应堆装船的适配性问题。安全壳是浮动堆与船体结合的接口,是反应堆装船的船体舱室,其设计不仅要适应船舶的海洋环境条件,还要满足反应堆运行的核安全要求。[方法]首先,从浮动堆安全壳的适应性要求出发,分析安全壳压力与船舶主尺度和重量之间的主要矛盾关系,提出一种浮动堆安全壳分析设计流程。然后,参考陆上核电站和核动力舰船安全壳的特点,以及国外核动力船舶和民用核设施设计规范要求,从安全壳构型与压力控制维度的角度出发,提出一种方形双层抑压安全壳方案。[结果]对安全壳压力特性以及结构强度的分析显示,在设计基准事故工况下,安全壳结构安全,重量和空间指标可控,安全壳的船堆适配性较好。[结论]参考工程经验表明,基于该方案的浮动堆总体指标较好,可为工程人员设计提供参考。

[Objectives] After several decades of the development and operation experience of military ships, the safety of floating reactors has been greatly improved. Their promotion and application in the civilian field has been gradually recognized, and it is urgently necessary to solve the problem of adaptability in reactor loading on ships. The containment is the interface between the reactor and the hull, and consists of the compartment of the reactor loading on a ship. The containment design must be adapted to the marine environment conditions of the ship, as well as to the nuclear safety requirements of reactor operation.[Methods]First, based on the adaptability requirements of floating reactor containment, the main contradiction between the pressure of the containment and the dimensions and weight of the ship is analyzed. A design and analysis process for floating reactor containment is proposed. With reference to the characteristics of onshore nuclear power plants and nuclear power ship containment, as well as the design requirements of foreign nuclear power ships and civil nuclear facilities, a square double-shell suppression containment is proposed in the dimensions of the containment configuration and pressure control program.[Results]Through an analysis of the pressure characteristics and structural strength of the containment, the structure of the containment under designbased accident conditions is found to be safe, with controllable weight and space indicators, and a good ship’s reactor fit.[Conclusions]With reference to engineering experience, the overall index of a floating nuclear power plant based on this scheme is reasonable, and it can provide reference for engineering personnel.