区块链在公共事务中的应用:探索与挑战

Application o f Blockchain in Public Affairs:Exploration and Challenges

从公共管理视角看,区块链具有的分布式数据存储、点对点传输、加密算法等技术,具有"去中心"结构、"去信任"架构和"精准化"机制等特征,目前已在税务、食品药品质量监管、房地产市场监管、不动产交易和电子民生卡等公共事务中得到广泛应用,在公共管理过程中体现出效率化、精准化和平等参与、合作共赢等优势。但此技术自身安全风险的存在为其在公共事务中的应用带来了隐私安全风险、系统安全风险和安全监管风险。面对区块链在公共事务中应用的迅速发展,应在发挥其优势的同时防范其风险,为更好地推进我国国家治理体系和治理能力的现代化服务。

From the perspective of public administration, the distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, encryption algorithm and other blockchain technologies have the characteristics of "decentralized" structure, "de-trust" architecture and "precision" mechanism. Blockchain has now been extensively applied to taxation, food and medicine quality supervision, real estate market regulation, real property transaction and electronic cards, exhibiting high efficiency, precision, equal participation and winwin cooperation and other advantages in the public administration. However, due to the security risk of blockchain, its application in public affairs may also bring privacy security risks, systemic security risk and security supervision risk. Faced with the increasing blockchain application in public affairs, we should make use of its advantages while preventing its risks, so as to make it better serve the modernization of China’s system of governance and governance capacity.