“见境”与“居境”——“情境化”视阈下的孟子性善论

Study of Mencius’s Theories of Original Goodness of Human Nature from the Perspective of“Contextualization”

“情境化”思维作为中国哲学特有的观察宇宙人生的视角,也是孟子性善论中先天的良心本心在后天呈现的主要路径,“见境”和“居境”是孟子性善论“情境化”思维的两个重要侧面。“见境”是以“见”的形式在后天呈现道德心灵时所形成的情境,是对道德心灵的直接触发,以其突发性、直觉性和权宜性解决了孟子性善论中先天价值在后天的“能显”问题;“居境”是道德主体居于其中的日常生活境域所构成的情境,也是对“见境”所呈现的先天价值进行自觉持存的工夫论情境,虽偶有反动,但其根本旨趣乃是依先天的良心本心建构一现实的伦理境域,解决的是孟子性善论中先天价值在后天的“常显”问题。通过“见境”和“居境”的建构,性善论得以打通先天与后天的隔阂,使先天的永恒价值得以在后天挺立。

The“contextualized”thinking,as a special perspective of observing the relationship between human and the universe in Chinese philosophies,is a major path to reflect the innate conscience of Mencius’s theories of original goodness of human nature in an acquired context,including two important aspects:a context that can be seen and a context that moral subjects live in.The context that can be seen directly triggers moral soul,and deals with a problem that the innate values of Mencius’s theories of original goodness of human nature can be reflected in a quick,direct and temporary manner,while the context that moral subjects live in constructs a realistic ethical environment based on innate conscience,and deals with a problem that the innate values of Mencius’s theories of original goodness of human nature are reflected for a long period of time.By constructing these two contexts,theories of original goodness of human nature can connect the innate and acquired contexts,and enable the perpetual innate values to be reflected in the acquired context.