蒙元时期赐名号问题研究

An Analysis of the Problem of Granting Names in the Mongolia-Yuan Dynasty

蒙元时期统治者赐予蒙古名号的现象屡见不鲜。许多各族精英以不同的缘由获赐答剌罕、拔都等各色蒙古名号,这些名号各有其特点。蒙古大汗的赐名号在褒奖之外,意在将君臣间的尊卑关系发展成一种更为稳定的主从隶属关系,并将其延伸至受赐者的家族后代,促使受赐者更加效忠,心甘情愿地为蒙古的军事征服及政治统治服务。赐名号在受赐者认同采纳的基础上收效甚好,受赐者本人及其家族后代皆感恩戴德、效忠之至,在蒙古的开疆拓土及政治统治中发挥了重要作用。蒙元诸帝的赐名号给受赐者带来荣誉的同时,更带来了象征性的身份地位变化及其所承载的权益与发展机遇。此外,赐名号的政治举措客观上带动了一些受赐者及其家族的蒙古化,也带动了有元一代自取蒙古名的时代潮流,一定程度上促进了蒙元时期的民族融合。

The granting names phenomenon is common in Mongolia-Yuan dynasty.A number of people from different nationalities with different reasons granted darkhan,batu and other Mongolia names with their own characteristics.On the basis of the recipients’acceptance,the granting names of Mongolia’s emperor as a top-down push process received a very good effect.The person who was granted name and their descendants are grateful for and loyal to the ruler,played an important role in Mongolia explore and expand and political rule.For the recipients,the granting names is simply the name of the change and the acquisition of honor,but behind it contains the change of status and political development opportunities brought about by the recognition of the rulers.In addition,granting name’s political action drive some recipients and family on Mongolia,also contributed to the trend of the times in Mongolia,which also promoted the national integration to a certain extent in Mongolia-Yuan dynasty.