不失天朝体制——略论清朝前期澳葡地区的司法管理

“Maintain the Chinese Regime”——on the Judicial Management of Macao Portugal in the Early Qing Dynasty

作为澳葡社会管理的重要内容,司法控制权的争夺贯穿着清代前期的对澳治理。自1556年葡人正式定居澳门以来,随着居民的快速增加,有关华葡间的犯罪案件也不断增加,澳葡在坚持“自治原则”的前提下意欲偏袒葡人罪犯,从而对中国政府的司法控制权提出了严峻的挑战。但中国作为“天朝上国”,其律法威严不容侵犯,清代前期以“陈辉千命案”“李廷富、简亚二命案”“郑亚彩致死案”“方亚贵致死案”等案件的处理为标志,通过惩处犯罪葡人和涉案官员,震慑了澳葡的对华犯罪,维护了清朝政府在澳葡管理上的司法控制。

As an important part of social management in Australia and Portugal,the fight for judicial control runs through the governance of Australia in the early Qing Dynasty.Since the Portuguese formally settled in Macao in 1556,with the rapid increase of the number of residents,the number of criminal cases between China and Portugal has been increasing.Under the premise of adhering to the principle of autonomy,Macao and Portugal intend to favor Portuguese criminals,thus posing a serious challenge to the judicial control of the Chinese government.However,as the“Kingdom of heaven”,China’s law is inviolable.In the early Qing Dynasty,the cases of“Chen Huiqian’s murder”,“Li Tingfu‘s and Janer’s murder”,“Zheng Yacai’s death”,“Fang yagui’s death”and other cases were treated as symbols.By punishing Portuguese criminals and officials involved in the cases,Macao and Portugal‘s crimes against China were deterred and the Chinese government‘s judicial control over Macao and Portugal’s management was safeguarded System.