马克思生活方式范畴的“一元本体观”——对《德意志意识形态》的建构性诠解

“Material Ontology”in the Category of Lifestyle of Marx--A Constructive Interpretation of The German Ideology

《德意志意识形态》是马克思恩格斯早期撰写的具有标识性的历史唯物主义奠基之作。从新时代的历史使命和发展21世纪马克思主义理论出发,需要发掘该著作所建立的包融生产方式在内的“广义生活方式”概念并赋予其历史唯物主义“一元本体”的理论思想和重大意义。从广义生活方式概念出发,重新审视“生产方式决定生活方式”的理论命题,可以发现生产方式和生活方式的复杂、多重关系和互构作用,在此基础上马克思的共产主义社会理想的“初心”和核心要义是建立“每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件”的“自由人联合体”即“生活共同体”,该核心要义构成社会主义现实运动的精神结构和至高点,并为新时代建设中国特色社会主义提供了根本指导原则。

The German Ideology is a landmark work of historical materialism written by Marx and Engels.Starting from the historical mission of the new era and the development of Marxist theory in the 21st century,it is necessary to explore the concept of“broad lifestyle”including the mode of inclusive production established in the work and endow it with the theoretical thought and great significance of“material ontology”of historical materialism.Starting from the concept of lifestyle in a broad sense,a reexamination of the theoretical proposition that“the mode of production determines the way of life”can reveal the complex,multiple relationships and interaction between the mode of production and the way of life.On this basis,the“original intention”and the core meaning of Marx’s Communist social ideal are to establish“a free people’s union”or namely“life community”that“the free development of everyone is a prerequisite for the free development of all people”.This core constitutes the spiritual structure and the highest point of the socialist realistic movement,which provides the basic guiding principle for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.