大数据革命与经济学创新

On the Big Data Revolution and Economic Innovation

人类从依据不完全信息的理性选择模式,走向试图从大数据中获取完全信息的理性选择模式,这一过程是大数据广泛运用的结果,它标志着一场由人工智能引发而波及经济、政治、文化和思想意识形态领域的大数据革命的到来。大数据革命包括宽泛的内容,涉及云平台、云计算、机器学习、移动互联网、物联网、区块链等人工智能技术的融合。由于大数据革命有可能给人类提供完全信息和准确信息,因而对于经济学理论具有颠覆性。主流经济学的基础理论以及与此相关的应用理论都是建立在不完全信息之上的,如果人类能够得到完全信息和准确信息,现有经济学理论将出现危机而需创新。文章拟结合现阶段大数据的应用,分析理性选择理论、资源配置理论、产业组织理论、产业规制理论、宏观调控理论的创新。文章重点说明了当人类决策的信息基础发生变化时,经济学创新方向和途径的变化,力图勾勒大数据革命背景下的经济学创新图景。

Human’s mode shift of rational choice from incomplete information to more complete information is an outcome of his wide use of big data,which marks the arrival of the big data revolution triggered by the artificial intelligence that has affected the fields of social economy,politics,culture and ideology. Big data revolution has a wide range of contents,involving the integration of artificial intelligence technologies such as cloud platform,cloud computing,machine learning,mobile Internet,Internet of Things,blockchain,etc. This revolution is also subversive to economic theories due to its possibility of providing human beings complete and accurate information,which would inevitably bring about crisis and need of innovation to economic theories since the basic theories of mainstream economics and the related application theories are all based on incomplete information. Based on the current application of big data,this paper analyzes the innovation of rational choice theory,resource allocation theory,industrial organization theory,industrial regulation theory and Macro-control Theory,focusing on explaining where the direction and approach of economic innovation are when the information base of human decision-making changes. This paper outlines a rough picture of economic innovation in the context of big data revolution from the specific innovation content on the theoretical level.