唐宋时期中原田野的水土环境与植被景观

The Soil-Water Environment and Vegetation Landscape of Central Plains in Tang and Song Dynasty

唐宋时期黄河频繁改道,所携泥沙在下游平原淤积,从而影响了中原的水体面貌,水面环境呈现逐渐细碎化的趋势。值得注意的是,虽然与前代相比,水体相对破碎,但地表水的丰水程度远高于后期,大量的水面和水生植物勾勒出一派水乡景观。唐宋小农经济发展及农垦开发,使中原平原、丘陵适耕地区已经几乎开发殆尽,高处的麦黍桑麻与低洼近处的水稻田构成中原田野中主要的植被景观。同时受人类活动影响,森林植被减少,平原地区在住宅、农田周围树木随地势错落散生,官道与堤岸上有精心维护的道旁树,更宏大的自然森林景观聚集村庄以外及深山地区。

During the Tang and Song dynasty,the Yellow River was diverted frequently so that lots of sediments were carried in the downstream plain and the soil-water environment became fragmenta tion.However,compared with the later time,the level of the surface of water at that moment was far higher,because large quantities of water and aquatic plants made up a landscape of water.In Tang and Song dynasty,because of the economic development of small farmers and the development of farming fields,the suitable farming land in plains and hills have been developed completely.The wheat grown in the higher farmland and the rice in the lower land constituted the main agricultural vegetation landscape in central plains.Additionally,because of human activities,the decrease of vegetation,natural forests located in the mountains,around house and farmland,and the trees in the roads and banks,the grand picture of natural forests appeared in villages and mountains,which re flected the aesthetic cognition of Chinese traditional culture.Therefore,it is deserved to learn in rural construction of central plains currently.