武汉市中小学生人格特质及心理弹性与抑郁症状的关系

Relationships among personality traits,resilience and depressive symptoms of students in Wuhan City

目的探讨武汉市中小学生人格特质、心理弹性与抑郁症状的关系。方法2015年9月至2016年1月,采取整群抽样法抽取武汉市5所小学(5~6年级)、3所初中(7~9年级)以及2所高中(高一年级)共10所学校的10~17岁中小学生共6019人。其中男生3071,女生2948人;小学生2420人,初中生2912人,高中生687人。采用自编一般情况调查表、流调中心用抑郁量表(the center for epidemiological studies depression scale,CES-D)、心理弹性量表(connor-davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC)和大五人格量表简版(the NEO-five factor inventory,NEO-FFI)进行自评式问卷调查,运用多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响中小学生抑郁症状的因素。结果被调查中小学生抑郁症状检出率为10.5%(635/6019)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,调整年级和家族抑郁史后,中小学生神经质水平越高(OR=4.53,95%CI 3.88~5.28)、开放性水平越高(OR=1.33,95%CI 1.18~1.50),抑郁症状发生风险可能越大;而外向性水平越高(OR=0.70,95%CI 0.62~0.79)、严谨性水平越高(OR=0.77,95%CI 0.67~0.90)、心理弹性水平越高(OR=0.77,95%CI 0.67~0.88),中小学生抑郁症状发生风险可能性越小。结论神经质和开放性水平与武汉市中小学生抑郁症状的发生成正相关;外向性和严谨性以及心理弹性水平与中小学生抑郁症状的发生成负相关,提示培养中小学生良好人格特质、提升心理弹性水平,有助于预防中小学生抑郁症的发生。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships among personality traits,resilience and depressive symptoms of primary and high school students.METHODS Totally 6019 students aged 10-17 from 5 primary schools(grades 5-6),3 junior middle schools(grades 7-9)and 2 senior high schools(grade 1)years were selected by cluster sampling in Wuhan,from September 2015 to January 2016.Among them,there were 2420 primary school students,2912 junior high school students and 687 senior high school students.In addition,3071 students were male,2948 students were female.Participants were asked to complete self-report questionnaires,including demographic characteristic questionnaire,the center for epidemiological studies depression scale(CES-D),the connor davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC)and the NEO-five factor inventory(NEO-FFI).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence factors of depressive symptoms in primary and high school students.RESULTSThe detection rate of depressive symptoms was 10.5%(635/6019).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for grade and family history of depression,neuroticism(OR=4.53,95%CI 3.88-5.28)and openness(OR=1.33,95%CI 1.18-1.50)were positively associated with depressive symptoms.But the higher level of extraversion(OR=0.70,95%CI 0.62-0.79)and conscientiousness(OR=0.77,95%CI 0.67-0.90)and resilience(OR=0.77,95%CI 0.67-0.88)were associated with lower risk of depressive symptoms in primary and high school students.CONCLUSION Neuroticism and openness might be positively correlated with,whereas extraversion,conscientiousness and resilience might be negatively correlated with the onsets of depressive symptoms in primary and secondary school students.Thus,developing adaptive personality and improving resilience would contribute to the prevention and intervention of depression in primary and high school students.