2018年中国五省(自治区、直辖市)3~5岁儿童家长喂养行为及其影响因素

Status of parents’feeding behavior and influencing factors in 3-5 years old children in 5 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)of China in 2018

目的分析3~5岁儿童家长喂养行为及其主要影响因素。方法2018年8-12月,采用方便抽样的方法选择辽宁省、上海市、内蒙古自治区、广东省、四川省共计10所幼儿园,使用《看护人喂养方式问卷》对1057名3~5岁儿童家长进行调查。运用卡方检验和多项Logistic回归法分析家长喂养行为的家庭人口学特征差异。结果4种喂养方式中,不良的喂养行为独裁型占比36.1%,纵容型占比35.8%,忽视型占比17.8%;较好的喂养行为权威型仅占10.3%。5岁年龄组家长更易采用纵容型喂养方式(OR=2.60,95%CI 1.60~4.22);父亲大专及以上文化程度更易采用独裁型喂养方式(OR=2.77,95%CI 1.39~5.52)和纵容型喂养方式(OR=3.79,95%CI 1.86~7.72);母亲为主要看护人的更易采用独裁型喂养方式(OR=2.48,95%CI 1.06~5.83),祖父母/外祖父母为主要看护人更易采用纵容型喂养方式(OR=3.49,95%CI 1.54~7.91)。结论3~5岁儿童家长采用独裁型、纵容型和忽视型不良喂养方式的比例较高,其中母亲为主要看护人更易采用独裁型不良喂养方式,祖辈父母为主要看护人更易采用纵容型不良喂养方式,父亲文化程度较高的更易采用独裁型和纵容型不良喂养方式。

OBJECTIVE To understand the status of preschool children′s feeding behavior,to analyse the feeding behavior of parents and its main influencing factors of children aged 3-5 years old.METHODS From August to December 2018,10 kindergartens in Liaoning Province,Shanghai City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Guangdong Province and Sichuan Province were selected by means of convenient sampling.A survey of 1057 preschool children′s caregivers was conducted using the caregiver feeding style questionnaire.Chi-square test and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the demographic characteristics of families with different feeding behaviors.RESULTS It was found that among the four feeding style,the authoritative type accounted for only 10.3%,and the authoritarian type accounted for 36.1%,followed by the indulgent type(35.8%)and the uninvolved type(17.8%).Parents of 5-year-old were more likely to adopt indulgent type(OR=2.60,95%CI 1.60-4.22);fathers with a college degree or above were more likely to adopt authoritarian type(OR=2.77,95%CI 1.39-5.52)and indulgent type(OR=3.79,95%CI 1.86-7.72);mothers as primary caregivers were more likely to adopt authoritarian feeding method(OR=2.48,95%CI 1.06-5.83)and grandparents as primary caregivers were more likely to adopt indulgent feeding method(OR=3.49,95%CI 1.54-7.91).CONCLUSION The proportion of children aged 3-5 whose parents adopt authoritarian,indulgent feeding method is higher.Among them,mothers are more likely to adopt authoritarian feeding behaviors,grandparents are more likely to adopt permissive feeding behaviors,and fathers with higher education are more likely to adopt authoritarian and permissive feeding behaviors.