对口支援、招商引资与区域创新能力提升--基于对口支援三峡库区的案例研究

Counterpart support policy, investment attraction and promotion of regional innovation capability --A case study of the counterpart support policy for the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

具有中国特色的、为促进特定地区发展而实施的对口支援政策,对破解发展不平衡不充分难题具有重要作用,但也面临从"输血"到"造血"的转变。招商引资是受援地区发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用的重要路径,如何提升受援地区创新能力备受关注。本文以三峡工程对口支援政策受援地、位于三峡库区核心地带的万州区为区域案例对象,首先分析对口支援政策下招商引资与区域创新能力的关系并建立研究框架,然后从5个对口支援万州区的企事业单位案例出发,分析对口支援政策下招商引资对区域创新能力提升的影响路径。研究发现,招商引资精准匹配对口资源政策,对受援地区知识流动、技术创新、创新绩效和创新环境产生全面影响,其影响机理主要通过精准承接产业转移、精准识别企业特征、精准发挥禀赋优势、精准整合创新要素来作用于区域创新。本文的研究结论丰富了区域创新理论,对于进一步完善和优化对口支援政策具有参考意义。

The counterpart support policy with Chinese characteristics, implemented to promote the development of specific areas, plays an important role in solving the problem of insufficient and imbalance development, but it also faces the transformation from "blood transfusion" to "hematopoiesis", especially how to improve the innovation ability of recipient areas. Investment attraction is an important way to give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources and to better play the role of the government. As an important way of counterpart support, it brings brand, technology, talent, management and other elements to the reservoir area, and plays an important role in promoting innovation, technological progress, industrial upgrading and innovation environment. Discussing the impact of attracting foreign investment on regional innovation ability under the background of counterpart support policy will help to reveal the mechanism of counterpart support promoting regional innovation ability. Specifically, this article mainly discusses three questions as following. What is the impact of attracting foreign investment on innovation ability of recipient areas under counterpart support policy? What is the mechanism of its influence? How can recipient regions make more effective use of counterpart support policy to enhance regional innovation capacity through precise investment promotion?Existing literature has analyzed the relationship among counterpart support, investment attraction and regional innovation ability, but there are also research gaps. On the one hand, the research on counterpart support and regional development ability does not focus on innovation ability. On the other hand, the research on investment attraction mainly analyzes the influence of investment attraction on some indicators of innovation ability, lacking the discussion on the systematic, theoretical origin and mechanism of regional innovation ability, and seldom considers the policy background. Therefore, we based on the policy environment of counterpart support and taking Wanzhou district as the object of the study to address the above questions.The research framework of this paper comes from three aspects. First, the theory of comparative advantage of counterpart support believes that the counterpart support can give play to the comparative advantage of the supporting area and make up for the comparative disadvantage of the receiving area. That is to say, to the area where the innovation foundation is weak, it can make up for its comparative weakness in innovation ability through counterpart support. Second, the theory of investment attraction which includes industry transfer, enterprise location and the industrial chain believes that investment attraction needs to pay attention to the direction of industrial transfer, the choice of enterprise investment location and the matching of industrial chain. Thirdly, we extract four aspects from the theory of regional innovation capability index system: knowledge generation, technology innovation, innovation performance and innovation environment.Based on the above theories, this paper analyzes the relationship between investment attraction and regional innovation ability under the policy ofcounterpart support. We find that, first of all, the counterpart support policy can improve the precision of investment attraction and achieve four aspects of precise investment attraction: precise undertaking of industrial transfer, precise identification of enterprise characteristics, precise exerting the endowment advantages, precise integration of production factors. Secondly, there is an important logical relationship between the innovation ability and investment attraction. Investment attraction brings the transfer of capital, technology, management and other elements, and these elements are important indicators to measure innovation ability. Innovation ability, as a collection of these elements, will inevitably change with the change of investment attraction. each aspect of investment attraction can influence the index of innovation ability, thus affecting the innovation ability. Based on this, we established our research framework. We adopt the method of case study to analyze the influence path of precise investment attraction on the improvement of regional innovation ability based on 5 cases of enterprises and institutions supporting Wanzhou District.Through an in-depth analysis of case objects, this paper has obtained the following research conclusions. Firstly, Under the counterpart support policy, attracting investment can not only play a decisive role in the market allocation of resources, but also better play the role of the government. It has an impact on regional innovation capabilities in five aspects: knowledge flow, technological innovation, innovation performance and innovation environment. Secondly, Under the counterpart support policy, the mechanism for promoting investment in regional innovation is based on "Four Precisions", namely precisely undertaking industrial transfer to promote the flow of knowledge through direct investment, technology transfer and technology cooperation;precisely identifying enterprise characteristics to promote technological innovation by identifying enterprises with entrepreneurship, high R&D input and strong output capacity;precisely exerting the endowment advantage by establishing a characteristic industrial chain, expanding the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain to develop a recycling industry, creating a characteristic industry, consolidating advantageous industries, thereby optimizing the industrial structure and driving employment, improving innovation performance;and precisely integrating production factors through the integration of financial resources, human resources, environmental resources, and financial resources to improve the innovation environment. Thirdly, the effective integration of innovation factors and local resource endowments, brought about by attracting investment under the counterpart support policy, is the key to improving the regional innovation capability of the recipient regions. the recipient areas should integrate the development of the landing company with local innovation elements, to effectively play the "hematopoietic" function of counterpart support.Based on these results, this paper puts forward the following suggestions. First, it is necessary to deepen the counterpart support policy to give full play to the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics, to promote the improvement of innovation capabilities in recipient areas, to accelerate the resolution of inadequate imbalances in development imbalances. Second, the government should improve the counterpart support policy system and pay equal attention to both "blood transfusion" and "hematopoietic", to promote the comprehensive economic and social development of the recipient areas. Third, the recipient areas should take their resource endowment advantages, and precisely integrate the local ecological resources, local customs and culture, industrial foundation and other innovative elements with the elements of the support area, to promote knowledge flow, promote technological innovation, enhance innovation performance, and improve the innovation environment through precisely undertaking industrial transfer, precisely identifying enterprise characteristics, precisely exerting the endowment advantages and precisely integrating production factors.