高速铁路对东北城市网络结构的空间影响

The Impact of High Speed Railway on Urban Network Structure in Northeast China

借鉴复杂网络理论,以铁路列车时刻表为基础数据,探讨高速铁路的开通对东北地区铁路网络结构和城市网络结构的空间影响。结果表明:①高铁强化了东北地区铁路网络的小世界、无标度等网络特征,各网络节点在可达性和辐射能力方面受到4种不同形式的影响;②高铁强化了沈阳和哈尔滨的主-副双核心铁路网络结构,使得拓扑网络的离散程度大幅降低,长春、大连等城市的网络联系中心性显著提升;③铁路交通重心向西北方向偏移,区域间不平衡性增强,吉林省成为东北铁路客运联系强度最高的地区;④大连市拥有特殊的门户城市特征,即对外联通能力强,但未形成足够吸引力。

Transport infrastructure has always been regarded as one of the indispensable conditions for society development. Its quality improvement is often manifested in its speed and quantity enhancement.With reference to the complex network theory, based on the railway train timetable as the basic data, the spatial impact of the opening of the high-speed railway on the railway network structure and the urban network structure in the northeast region is discussed. The results show that: 1) The overall characteristics of the Northeast urban railway: individual cities have high degree values while most cities have low degree values. The clustering coefficient is basically inversely proportional to the degree. The average path length has been reduced after the opening of the high-speed railway. The complex network features such as scale-free and small world are more obvious, and the overall connectivity of the railway network hasbeenstrengthened. 2) After the opening of the highspeed railway, the sub-dual-core railway network structure greatly reduces the dispersion of the topological network, and significantly improves the centrality of network connections in cities such as Changchun and Dalian. 3) The center of gravity of railway traffic shifts to the northwest, and regional imbalances increase.After the opening of the high-speed rail, surpassing Liaoning’s leading position, Jilin Province’s spatial connection capacity has grown rapidly. At the same time, the overall spatial difference in Northeast China has further expanded, the balance has been reduced, and the core-periphery structure has been further polarized. 4) Compared with the other three central cities, Dalian cannot attract other cities at the first gravity, but it is at the same level as other central cities in the second gravity, which also reveals the unique gateway characteristic of Dalian as a central city: The scale of external contacts is strong, but due to the marginal location, Dalian does not have the function of radiating urban agglomerations in passenger and freight traffic flows.