新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间居家儿童青少年抑郁情绪调查及影响因素分析

Investigation on the status and influencing factors for depression symptom of children and adolescents with home quarantine during the prevalence of novel coronavirus pneumonia

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)流行期间居家儿童青少年抑郁情绪现状,并分析其影响因素,以期为疫情流行期间本地区儿童的心理干预提供参考。方法2020年2月6-8日,采用问卷星的调查方式,由8~18岁儿童青少年在线填写一般资料、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRS)和儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)。采用SPSS 22.0软件,经单因素分析,线性回归以及二分类Logistic回归分析明确DSRS得分的影响因素及抑郁症状的危险因素。结果共有效回收问卷396份,DSRS量表平均得分为(7.35±5.10)分。DSRS≥15分,即存在明显抑郁症状者41例(10.4%)。多因素分析显示,焦虑得分、居住地、碰到与疫情相关的事情是否害怕、年龄是DSRS得分的影响因素(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,存在焦虑症状(OR=4.284,95%CI:2.163~8.486,P<0.001),居住在乡镇及农村(OR=2.382,95%CI:1.120~5.069,P=0.024),碰到与疫情相关的事情经常害怕(OR=3.312,95%CI:1.210~9.064,P=0.020)是疫情流行期间居家儿童青少年出现抑郁症状的危险因素。结论家庭-学校-社会应加强对儿童的心理干预,减少儿童在疾病流行期间的恐惧及焦虑,尤其是年龄较大的高年级学生,乡镇及农村儿童等重点人群,从而减少COVID-19流行期间儿童青少年抑郁症状的发生。

Objective To understand and explore the depression status and its influencing factors among children and adolescent students during the prevalence of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),in order to provide reference for the psychological intervention for students in this area.Methods A self-designed general data questionnaire,Depression Self-rating Scale for Children(DSRS)and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED)were typed in www.wjx.cn.And the questionnaire was sent out to children and adolescent aged 8 to 18 years by Wechat APP from February 6 th to 8 th,2020.Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors associated with NCP by SPSS 22.0 software.Results Totally 396 valid questionnaire were returned.The average score of DSRS score was 7.35±5.10.Using 15 as the cut point of having depression symptoms,it was found that 41 students(10.4%)had depression symptoms obviously.Multivariate analysis showed that anxiety score,dwelling area,fear of the COVID-19 prevalence and age were influencing factors of DSRS score(P<0.05).Logistic analysis indicated that anxiety(OR=4.284,95%CI:2.163~8.486,P<0.001),dwelling in suburban and rural areas(OR=2.382,95%CI:1.120~5.069,P=0.024),and fear of COVID-19 related events(OR=3.312,95%CI:1.210~9.064,P=0.020)were risk factors for depression of children and adolescent with home quarantine.Conclusions Psychological intervention should be strengthen in children and adolescents by family,school and the society,so as to reduce the panic and anxiety in children.Moreover,it is suggested to give more concern to older children in high grade as well as child and adolescent dwelling in suburban and rural areas,thereby reducing the depression of them during the COVID-19 prevalence.