北京市小学生视力不良空间自相关分析

Spatial autocorrelation analysis on poor vision of primary school students in Beijing

目的了解北京市小学生视力不良空间分布特征,为制定干预政策和措施提供科学依据。方法使用对数视力表,对北京市全体在校小学生进行视力检查;应用Arcgis10.2软件对北京市小学生视力不良水平的空间分布特征进行分析。结果 2017年北京市小学生视力不良检出率为46.8%(361 183/771 392),其中女生检出率高于男生(χ^2=67.721,P<0.01),城市高于郊区(χ^2=1.550,P<0.01)。小学低年级视力不良检出率为36.4%,以轻度和中度视力不良为主,小学高年级视力不良检出率为58.6%,以中度和重度视力不良为主。全局Moran′s I指数为0.377,Z值4.191,东城区、西城区、海淀区、昌平区学生视力不良呈现高-高集聚现象,怀柔区和其周围呈现低-低集聚的空间联系。结论北京市小学生视力不良检出率居高不下,且存在着显著的、正向的空间自相关关系。视力不良检出率在城市核心区呈现较高水平,在核心区以外的周边地区视力不良率水平有所降低,而在东北以及西南部地区最低。

Objective To know about the spatial distribution characteristics of the poor vision of primary school students in Beijing,so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of intervention policies and measures. Methods Logarithmic visual acuity chart was used to examine the eyesight of all pupils and the spatial distribution characteristics of the poor vision level were analyzed by Arcgis10.2 software. Results The detection rate of poor vision of primary school students in Beijing in 2017 was 46.8%(361 183/771 392),among which the poor vision rate of female students was higher than that of male students(χ^2=67.721,P<0.01),and the poor vision rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas(χ^2=1.550,P<0.01).The poor vision rate in low-grade students was 36.4%,mainly with mild and moderate levels.While the poor vision rate in high-grade students was 58.6%,mainly with moderate and severe levels.The overall Moran′s I index and Z value of primary schools were 0.377 and 4.191,respectively.The poor vision rate of students in Dongcheng district,Xicheng district,Haidian district and Changping district presented high-high concentration,while Huairou district and its surrounding district showed low-low concentration. Conclusions The poor vision rate of primary school students in Beijing is high,and there is a significant positive spatial autocorrelation.The poor vision rate demonstrates a higher level in core area of the city,a decreasing trend in the surrounding areas,and the lowest level in the northeastern and southwestern areas of Beijing.