1395例脊髓损伤患者的病因及临床特征分析

Analysis of the causes and clinical characteristics of traumaticspinal cord injury based on 1395 cases

目的脊髓损伤患者的比例逐年增多,给家庭及社会带来沉重负担。本文主要目的是对脊髓损伤的致病原因、发病年龄、损伤部位及损伤严重程度等多方面因素进行综合系统分析。方法对2005-2016年在武警总医院功能神经外科住院治疗的1395例脊巯损伤患者信息进行回顾性分析,其中包括患者年龄、性别、损伤时间、损伤节段及严重程度等。结果1395例患者中,年龄最小5个月、最大68岁;患者平均损伤年龄为(32.09±12.46)岁。性别比例为4.1:1(男:女)。主要致病原因是:交通事故(45.4%)、高处坠落(27.4%)、重物砸伤(10.8%)、摔伤(6.5%)、刀刺伤(2.0%)和肿瘤(2.0%);统计发现损伤原因与损伤的脊髓节段及严重程度之间存在相关性;在损伤的病变部位与损伤的严重程度观察中,主要体现在胸段、腰段之间有明显相关性。结论交通事故、高处坠落、重物砸伤、摔伤是最常见的脊髓损伤的致病原因。致病原因与损伤的节段、性别、损伤的严重程度等之间存在相关性,因此,以后应从多方面、多角度关注高危人群,提高防护措施,降低发病率。

Objective A remarkable increase in traumatic spinal cord injury(TSCI)morbidity has occurred in China;this increase seriously threatens public health.The current study was done to investigate the major-causes,severity and clinical characteristics of TSCI patients.Methods Information(including each patient’s age,gender,time and cause of injury and severity of spinal cord injuiy(SCI,complete or incomplete))regarding 1395 hospitalized TSCI patients whose injuries occurred between 2005 and 2016 was retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 1395 patients,the youngest was 5 months old and the oldest was 68 years old;the aver age patient age was 32.09±12.46 years.The sex ratio was 4.1:1(male:female).The injuries were primarily caused by transportation accidents(45.4%),falling from a height(27.4%),tamping(10.8%),stumbling(6.5%),stabbing(2.0%)and tumour(2.0%).A statistically significant association was observed between the different in jury causes and severity of the injury,a statistically significant association was observed between the different injury causes and levels of the lesion.Conclusion Transportation accidents,falling from a height,tamping and stumbling are the most common causes of TSCI.However,different injury causes usually led to different levels of the lesion.Statistical differences were observed between the levels of the lesion and either complete or in complete injury.