美国早期干预研究的启示:支持处境不利儿童

Inspirations of Early Intervention Studies in the US:For Children in Disadvantage

美国早期干预研究既是政府帮助处境不利儿童的重要手段,也是促进教育公平与社会公平的重要途径。全美已经开展了数百项大型早期干预研究,其中最著名、历史最悠久的处境不利儿童干预项目之一即为“芝加哥亲子中心项目”。我国对处境不利儿童的早期干预研究起步较晚,当前仍以介绍特殊儿童干预研究为主,许多干预研究也缺乏相关政策支持与评估督导。美国早期干预研究的经验可为我国学者支持处境不利儿童的早期干预研究提供以下启示项目设计需要科学理论指导,项目实施应建构文化适宜的生态干预系统,项目的评估分析则是儿童教育与福利政策制定的科学基础。

Early intervention research on disadvantaged children deserves attention.In the United States,it serves not only as an important means for the government to help disadvantaged,but also as an crucial approach to promote equality in education and society.Hundreds of large-scale such studies have been carried out in the United States,among which one of the most famous and oldest is"the Chicago Parent-Child Center Program".In China,researches of such sort started late with focus till today on introducing special children intervention and many lack relevant policy support and evaluation supervision.On such an account,American experience enlightens us:1)the project design needs the guidance of scientific theory;2)its implementation should build an ecological intervention system with appropriate culture;3)the evaluation,together with the analysis is the scientific basis for making policies on children's education and welfare.