进化伦理学视域下的道德规范与先天问题

Moral Norm and Innate Hypothesis in Evolutionary Ethics

进化伦理学用自然主义的路径解释道德规范与先天问题,摒弃了传统理性主义伦理学中的形而上学的先天预设,为道德规范的来源寻找一个蕴含经验的先天基础。继而道德规范是否有先天的来源以及在多大程度上是先天的问题,逐渐成为进化伦理学以及相关哲学研究的焦点。通过划分多个层面的道德先天论,对进化伦理学中的先天程度进行辨析,运用“道德认知能力的先天论”(简称“能力先天论”,capacity nativism)论证弱先天论,运用“道德规范内容的先天论”(简称“内容先天论”,content nativism)论证强先天论,从而对进化伦理学中的弱先天论进行辩护,拒斥反先天论,探讨强先天论成立的可能性。

Evolutionary ethics attempts to explain moral norm and innate hypothesis with naturalistic approach,abandoning the innate presupposition in traditional rationalist ethics,and seeking an innate basis with experience for the origin of moral norm.Then the question of whether and to what extent the ethics are innate has gradually become the focus of evolutionary ethics and related philosophical research.The present paper analyzes the degree of innate in evolutionary ethics on the basis of multiple-levels moral nativism.We attempt to demonstrate the Weak Nativism via the innate theory of moral cognitive ability(or“capacity nativism”)to,and the Strong Nativism via the innate theory of ethical content(or“content nativism”)thus defending the Weak Nativism in evolutionary ethics,rejecting Anti-Nativism,and exploring the theoretical rationality of Strong Nativism.