论朱熹与阳明对孟子尽心章理解之异同

On the Similarities and Differences between Zhuzi and Yangming's Understanding of Mencius

在对孟子尽心章的理解上,阳明与朱熹有很大的不同,朱熹是从格物致知角度解释知性与尽心,认为“尽心知性知天”是从知的角度而言,“存心养性事天”是从行的角度而言,“夭寿不贰,修身以俟”是从态度上而言,知性如同格物,尽心如同知至,知性而后才能尽其心。阳明则将孟子尽心章比配三种不同根器之人:生而知之、学而知之、困而知之。“尽心知性知天”是生而知之的圣人才能实现的,“存心养性事天”是学而知之的贤人才能实现的,“夭寿不贰,修身以俟”是困而知之的学者能够做到的。阳明以三种不同根器的人来反对朱熹从格物知至注解此章,用知行合一反驳朱熹从前知后行的角度注解此章。

In the understanding of Mencius'chapter of Jinxin,Yangming is very different from Zhu Xi.Zhu Xi explains this chapter from the point of view of knowledge,and holds that the first sentence is connected with Zhi,while the second sentence is connected with Xing.The third sentence describes attitudes.They obey the sequence.Yang Ming compared Mencius with three different root objects:born with knowledge,learning and knowing,hard working then knowing.“knowing nature with all your heart”can be realized by saints who are born with knowledge,and“keeping one’s mind and doing things with nature”can only be realized by wise people who learn and know.It is possible for scholars who know that they can do it when they learn to live as soon as they die.Yangming opposes Zhu Xi in this way.