发达国家海上搜救体系对比研究及对我国的启示

Comparative Research of the Maritime Search and Rescue Systems in Developed Countries and Its Enlightenment to China

提升海上应急搜救能力对保障人民生命安全、维护国家海洋权益、彰显大国责任和担当具有积极作用和深远意义。发达国家海上搜救体系的先进性主要体现在搜救力量专业化、应急响应快捷化、组织协调高效化、搜救业务程序化等方面。文中对美国、英国、澳大利亚、日本4个国家的海上搜救组织构成、搜救力量水平、搜救工作模式等进行了分析,与我国海上搜救体系和机制进行了对比,并从优化搜救组织模式、完善搜救运行机制、健全搜救力量等方面给出了发展我国海上搜救体系的建议。

Improving the ability of maritime emergency search and rescue has positive and far-reaching significance for safeguarding people's lives,protecting national maritime rights and interests,and demonstrating the responsibilities of mayor powers.The advanced nature of the maritime search and rescue systems in developed countries is mainly reflected in the specialization of search and rescue forces,the rapid response to emergency situations,the efficiency of coordination and organization,and the proceduralization of search and rescue operations.The composition of maritime search and rescue organizations,the strength of search and rescue forces,and the search and rescue working modes of the United States,Britain,Australia and Japan are analyzed and further compared with the maritime search and rescue system and mechanism in China.In order to optimize the mode,mechanism and capability of the search and rescue organization in China,some suggestions are propased in this paper.