2016-2018年河南地区儿童肺炎支原体感染的单中心流行病学特征

Single-center Epidemiological Characteristics of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection in Children in Henan Province from 2016 to 2018

目的分析河南地区儿童肺炎支原体(MP)的感染现状及单中心流行病学特征,以期为疾病预防和临床诊治提供理论依据。方法选取2016年1月至2018年12月就诊于郑州大学附属儿童医院的25007例呼吸道感染患儿。采用MP-RNA恒温扩增技术(MP-SAT)对25007例可疑的MP感染患儿进行MP-RNA检测。分析MP感染与发病季节、发病年龄、患儿性别的关系。结果2016-2018年共检测出MP-RNA阳性患儿3957例,总阳性率为15.82%。2016年和2017年MP感染阳性率均高于2018年,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。夏季和秋季MP感染阳性率均高于春季和冬季,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。3~<7岁学龄前儿童MP感染阳性率高于<1、1~<3岁婴幼儿,7~<16岁学龄期儿童MP感染阳性率高于<1、1~<3岁婴幼儿和3~<7岁学龄前儿童,1~<3岁幼儿MP感染阳性率高于<1岁婴儿,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。女性儿童MP感染阳性率(16.64%)较男性儿童(15.27%)高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2016年和2017年为儿童MP感染流行年,夏季和秋季是MP感染的高发季节,3~<7岁学龄前和7~<16岁学龄期儿童是MP感染的易感人群,女性儿童有较高的MP感染率,掌握MP在本地区的感染现状及流行病学特征,为临床防治工作提供一定的参考价值。

Objective To analyze the infection status and single-center epidemiological characteristics of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) in Henan Province to provide a theoretical basis for disease prevention and clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 25 007 children with respiratory infections from Children’s Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected. MP-RNA isothermal amplification(MP-SAT) was used to detect MP-RNA in 25 007 children with suspected MP infection. The relationships between MP infection and onset season, onset age and gender of children were analyzed.Results A total of 3 957 children with MP-RNA positive were detected from 2016 to 2018, with a total positive rate of 15.82%. The positive rates of MP-RNA detection in 2016 and 2017 were both higher than that in 2018, and the differences were statistically significant(both P<0.05). The positive rates of MP-RNA detection in autumn and summer were all higher than those in spring and winter, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The positive rate of MP-RNA detection in preschool children aged ≥3 and <7 years old was higher than those in infants aged <1, ≥1 and <3 years old, and the differences were statistically significant(both P<0.05). The positive rate of MP-RNA detection in school age children aged ≥7 and <16 years old was higher than those in infants aged <1, ≥1 and <3 years old and preschool children aged ≥3 and <7 years old, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The positive rate of MP-RNA detection in young children aged ≥1 and <3 years old was higher than that in babies aged <1 years old, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The positive rate(16.64%) of MP-RNA detection in female children was higher than that(15.27%) in male children, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion 2016 and 2017 are the epidemic year of MP infection in children. Summer and autumn are the seasons with high incidence of MP infection. Preschool children aged ≥3 and <7 years old and school age children aged ≥7 and <16 years old are susceptible to MP infection. The MP infection rate of female children is higher. Mastering the status of infection and epidemiological characteristics in this region provides a certain reference value for clinical prevention and treatment.