郊区居委会和行政村居民健康素养现状比较

A Comparison of Health Literacy Between the Residents in Neighborhood Committees and Administrative Villages in A Suburb

目的对比2017年上海市某郊区居委会和行政村常住居民健康素养水平差异,分析其影响因素,为相关部门制定及实施健康素养干预措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法于2017-06/08在全区11个街镇内进行问卷调查,调查内容包括居民的基本情况以及健康素养水平,采用卡方检验比较健康素养水平差异,采用分层卡方检验及Logistic回归分析方法进行影响因素分析,检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。结果共调查监测居委会居民825人、行政村居民990人,健康素养水平分别为23.27%(192/825)、16.36%(162/990);除慢性病防治素养和基本医疗素养外,居委会居民其余各维度素养水平、总体健康素养水平均高于行政村居民(P<0.05);根据文化程度、家庭人均年收入因素分层后,居委会和行政村居民总体健康素养水平差异无统计学意义(χCMH12=1.309,P=0.253;χCMH22=1.672,P=0.210);回归分析提示文化程度(OR=1.553,95%CI:1.389~1.736)、家庭人均年收入(OR=1.195,95%CI:1.067~1.339)是郊区居民健康素养水平的影响因素,村居委分类不是直接影响因素。结论居委会和行政村居民健康素养水平不同可能是由于两地居民文化程度、家庭人均年收入等方面的差异导致的。提升郊区居民健康素养水平,应关注居委会和行政村居民文化程度、家庭收入等方面差距,重视健康素养水平差异,强化行政村低收入、低文化程度居民的健康教育工作。

Objective To compare the health literacy level between the residents in neighborhood committees and administrative villages in a suburb of Shanghai and analyze the influencing factors of the level of health literacy,so as to provide references for relevant departments to formulate and implement health literacy interventions. Methods A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in 11 townships in the district from June to August, 2017. The contents of the survey included the status of health literacy and its basic conditions. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test and Logistic regression were adopted to analysis the differences and influencing factors of health literacy, test level α =0.05(two-sided). Results This survey investigated 825 residents of neighborhood committees and 990 residents of administrative villages, the health literacy rate of residents was 23.27% and 16.36% respectively. Excepting the quality of chronic disease prevention and treatment and basic medical literacy, each dimension and overall health literacy level of residents in neighborhood committees were higher than those of the administrative villages(P<0.05). After stratification of educational level and family per capita annual income, there was no significant difference in the overall health literacy level between residents of neighborhood committees and administrative villages ( χCMH12= 1.309,P=0.253;χCMH22=1.672, P=0.210). Education level(OR=1.553, 95% CI: 1.389~1.736) and family per capita annual income(OR=1.195, 95% CI: 1.067~1.339) were the influencing factors of the health literacy level of suburban residents, the classification of village residents’ committees was not.Conclusion The difference of residents’ health literacy level between neighborhood committees and administrative villages may be due to the difference of the residents’ education level and family income. To improve the health literacy level of suburban residents,it is critical to make clear the gap between residents’ cultural level and family income, pay more attention to the difference of health literacy level,and strengthen the health education for the residents with low income and low cultural level in administrative villages.