我国社区矫正机构设置探析

A Tentative Analysis of Community Correction Institution Setup in China

我国《刑事诉讼法》和《社区矫正法》中的"社区矫正机构"尚没有明确释义。建设中国特色社区矫正机构,需要借鉴发达国家的成功经验,认真总结社区矫正试点试行中机构设置的利弊,做好顶层设计。鉴于目前的机构设置尚不成熟,建议在中央和省级将监狱和社区罪犯管理机构合并,在县级设立专门的执法机构取代司法所,直接承担对罪犯的管理职能。以司法所为主的执法管理模式不利于实现专业化和职业化发展。县级社区矫正机构可根据需要下设分支机构,但管理范围需打破乡镇、街道行政区划的界限,隶属关系向省级垂直管理的方向发展。这样有利于机构设置的精简高效,为扩大社区刑罚适用范围搭建好平台。

The definition of "community correction institution " under Criminal Procedure Law and Community Correction Law is not clear. In order to build community correction institutions with Chinese characteristics,we need to seriouly summarize the advantages and disadvantages of institutions setup in the pilot trial of community correction and do a good job in the top-level design,learning from the successful experience of developed countries. In view of the current immature institutional setup,it is proposed to merge prisons and community offender management agencies at the central and provincial levels,and set up special law enforcement agencies at the county level to replace the judicial offices and directly assume the responsibility of managing criminals. The law enforcement management mode based on jurisdiction is not conducive to the development of specialization and professionalism. Community correction institutions at the county level can set up branches according to their needs,but the boundaries of administrative divisions of towns and streets shall be broken in terms of scope of management,and the subordination relationship shall be developed to the direction of vertical management at the provincial level, which is conducive to the streamlining and high-efficiency of institutions setup and helps to build a good platform for expanding the scope of community punishment.