6种影像学技术在致密型乳腺诊断中的应用

Research progress of six imaging diagnosis for dense breasts

乳腺癌居于我国女性恶性肿瘤发病的首位,严重危害女性健康。致密型乳腺是乳腺癌的风险因素之一。在致密型乳腺中早期发现、早期诊断乳腺癌非常重要。乳腺X线摄影因受组织重叠、致密腺体遮盖等影响,对致密型乳腺病变检出存在一定局限性。近年来不断发展的功能成像技术,如动态对比增强磁共振成像、弥散加权成像、正电子发射计算机断层显像、乳腺专用伽马成像,通过反映肿瘤血流动力和代谢的变化从而提高致密型乳腺病变的检出。同时,新兴的光声成像技术能提供生物组织结构信息与功能信息,在深层组织中空间分辨率高,其在乳腺疾病中的应用逐渐受到重视。本文对数字乳腺三维断层摄影、超声检查、MRI检查、PET/CT检查、BSGI检查及光声成像等几种影像学检查方法在致密型乳腺诊断中的应用进行综述,为临床医生对致密型乳腺疾病的早期诊断提供帮助。

In China, breast cancer has become the first female malignant tumor, which seriously endangers women’s health. The dense breast is one of the risk factors for breast cancer. It’s crucial to detect and diagnose breast cancer early in the dense breast. On account of the overlap of the tissues and the covering of dense glands, mammography has certain restrictions in the examination of dense breasts. Recently, the functional imaging techniquesenhance the checkout of lesions, such as DCE-MRI,DWI, positron emission computed tomography, and breast specific-gamma imaging. It could reflect the changes of tumor hemodynamics and metabolism. The emerging photoacoustic imaging(PAI) has developed significantly in breast diseases. It provides structural and functional information of biological tissuesand high spatial resolution in deeper tissue imaging. This paper summarizes various examinations including DBT, ultrasonic examination, MRI, PET/CT, BSGI and PAI, prompting clinicians with early diagnosis of dense breast diseases.