SARS-CoV,MERS-CoV,SARS-CoV-2冠状病毒研究进展

Research progress of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2

冠状病毒主要分为α-冠状病毒、β-冠状病毒、γ-冠状病毒和δ-冠状病毒4个类型,其中对人类致病的冠状病毒主要集中在β-冠状病毒属。21世纪以来,在人类中引起爆发流行的主要有3种:SARS-CoV,MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2。它们在种属进化上均与蝙蝠冠状病毒密切相关,都能造成人际间传播,可引起肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、甚至休克及器官功能衰竭,发展至重症时有较高的病死率。新型冠状病毒爆发流行,给人类健康造成不可估量的危害,还会对全球社会经济造成极大损失,是目前世界公共卫生一大难题;新型冠状病毒致病力及传染性强,目前治疗尚无特效药,主要以预防为主,需要"未雨绸缪",积极应对。本文就21世纪以来爆发流行的SARS-CoV,MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2新型冠状病毒的研究进展作一综述,为临床更好地防治新型冠状病毒提供新思路。

Coronaviruses are mainly divided into 4 types: α-coronavirus, β-coronavirus, γ-coronavirus and δ-coronavirus.Coronaviruses which are pathogenic to humans are mainly concentrated in the genus β-coronavirus. Since the 21 st century,there have 3 main outbreaks in humans: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. They are closely related to bat coronavirus in species evolution, which can cause human-to-human transmission, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even shock and organ failure. They have a higher mortality rate when they develop into severe illness. The outbreak of coronaviruses would cause immeasurable harm to human health and cause great losses to the global society and economy. It is a major problem in public health in the world at present. The new coronaviruses is highly pathogenic and infectious.The treatment is mainly prevention-oriented, with no effective medicines. This article reviews the research progress of the outbreak of coronaviruses since the 21 st century, and provides new ideas for better clinical prevention and treatment of new coronaviruses.