新晃唐置夜郎县考辨

Textual Study on the Establishment of Yelang County of Xinhuang in the Tang Dynasty

唐时,中央王朝曾在黔楚一带多次设置夜郎县。楚境内于贞观八年置夜郎县,天授二年析夜郎地置渭溪县,后于天宝元年改夜郎名曰峨山。《元和郡县志》中以渭溪水为基点,描述了夜郎及其后改称的峨山县、渭溪县的治所,但因其所载的渭溪是一条位于锦州渭阳县境内的水道,与处在[氵舞]水流域的奖州相去甚远,使得夜郎、渭溪县的位置颇令人费解。通过爬梳考据历代相关典籍的记载,结合地方空间感知,佐以地名学、语言学的方法,对唐置夜郎兼及晃州羁縻州的治所、辖区及其地名变迁进行重新考证与辨析,并对因袭旧籍记载舛误的《辞源》《辞海》《中国历史地图集》等现代研究成果予以厘定。

In the Tang Dynasty,the central dynasty set up Yelang County many times in the area of Qianchu.The territory of Chu was set in Yelang County in the eight years of Zhenguan,and the second year of Yelang was set up in Weixi County,and the name of the night was changed to Eshan in the first year of Tianbao.The Yuanhe County Chronicle takes Weixi water as the starting point,and describes Yelang and its renamed Eshan County and Weixi County government offices.However,the Weixi contained in it is a waterway located in Weiyang County,Jin Prefecture,which is far away from Jiang Prefecture in the Wushui basin,and makes the positions of Yelang and Weixi counties quite puzzling.Based on the records of related historical books,combined with the perception of local space and the methods of toponymy and linguistics,this present paper makes a re-examination and analysis of government offices,districts and the change of place names in Yelang and Zhiluo Prefecture to clarify the results of modern research such as“Ci Yuan”,“Ci Hai”and“Atlas of Chinese History”,which are mistakenly recorded in the old books.