通用航空短途运输业务损害赔偿责任与保险制度建设研究

Research on Construction of Damage Compensation Liability and Insurance System of General Aviation Short-distance Transport

通用航空短途运输能有效保障民航普遍服务、老少边穷地区享受航空运输服务,但其损害赔偿责任制度建设却相对滞后。国外的通勤航空的损害赔偿标准主要参照商业运输航空的模式,采用限额赔偿责任制度;空中出租车业务则根据消费者和企业的责任协议执行。我国的商业大型运输航空也是适应违约责任,采用限额责任赔偿制度。但是由于我国通用航空短途运输属于新生事物、运输企业实力薄弱、管理体制和机制等的差异,建议我国通用航空短途运输的损害赔偿应进行制度创新,在采用限额制度的情况下适当降低限额要求,并加强通航短途运输企业责任保险的投保。

General aviation short-distance transport is an important mode to effectively guarantee civil aviation universal service and enjoy air transport services in the poor and old areas, but the construction of its liability system for damages is relatively lagging behind. In foreign countries, the compensation for damages to the consumers of commuter aviation mainly refers to the mode of commercial transport aviation, and adopts the system of limited liability. The air taxi service is implemented according to the liability agreement between consumers and enterprises. However, due to China’s general aviation short-distance transportation is a new thing, the strength of transport enterprises is weak, there are differences in management system and mechanism. It is suggested that the system innovation should be carried out for damage compensation of general aviation short-distance transportation in China, the quota requirement should be lowered appropriately when the quota system is adopted, and the insurance of liability insurance for short-distance transportation enterprises should be strengthened.