主观预备合并之诉:引入必要性与诉讼构造

Subjective Preparatory Merger Suit:Necessity of Introduction and Litigation Construction

传统与重构的主观预备合并之诉理论在诉讼构造上各存在的优势及缺陷提供了主观预备合并之诉的完善思路,即在传统与重构理论之间寻找中间路线,在保留顺位关系的基础上解决裁判统一及被告权益保护问题。主观预备合并之诉所具有的独特的诉讼功能以及我国目前现实的需要,明确了我国有引入主观预备合并之诉的必要性。在主观预备合并之诉的诉讼构造上,一审审理应当保留主位请求与备位请求的顺位关系,但可赋予备位被告辩论权。在二审中,采用对主位请求与备位请求拟制上诉的方式以维持裁判统一。备位被告的利益可以用争点效理论和诚实信用原则加以保护。

The advantages and shortcomings of the traditional subjective preliminary merger litigation theory and the reconstructed subjective preliminary merger litigation theory in the legal structure provide a way of thinking for the subjective preparatory merger suit.That is to find a middle way between the traditional theory and the reconstruction theory,and to solve the unification of judgment and the protection of the defendant's rights and interests on the basis of retaining the sequence relationship.The reason why China needs to introduce subjective preparatory merger suit is the realistic need of China and the litigation system function of this litigation form.In the construction of subjective preparatory merger suit,the first-instance trial should retain the sequence relationship between the principal position request and the reserve position request,but the preparatory defendant can be granted the right to debate.In the second instance,the uniformity of judgment can be maintained by means of fictitious appeal.In addition,the preparatory defendant can be protected by the theory of contention effect and the principle of good faith.