一种发展障碍的病理模型——英国独立学派的精神病理学思想窥探

A Pathological Model of Developmental Disorders:Exploration of the British School of Independents Thoughts on Psychopathology

精神动力学的精神病理学基于精神分析学的理论说明精神症状的起因,解释其中的内在机制。英国独立学派是以费尔贝恩和温尼科特等为代表、遵奉客体关系理论取向的独立精神分析师团体,他们从客体关系尤其是母婴关系的角度阐释了精神疾病的发生原因及机制,将外部、真实的客体关系置于精神病理学理论的核心,视早期环境的失败或剥夺为心理疾病的根源,进而建构出不同于古典精神分析学派和克莱因学派的精神病理学思想,促使精神病理学理论从一种冲突的模型转变为发展障碍的模型,对心理咨询及家庭教育具有有益启迪。

Psychopathology of psychodynamics seeks to explain the causes of psychiatric symptoms and their underlying mechanisms based on psychoanalytic theories.The British School of Independents was a group of independent psychoanalysts represented by Ronald Fairbairn and Donald Winnicott,and held the object relations theory orientation.The Independents illustrated the causes and mechanisms of psychiatric illness from the perspective of the object relations,especially the relationship between mothers and infants.They placed the outside and real object relations in the core of their theories of psychopathology,and took the failure or deprivation of the early environment as the root cause of psychiatric illness.Based on this,they constructed the thoughts of psychopathology different from Fruedian and Kleinian,and promoted the transformation of psychopathology from a model of conflicts to a model of developmental disorders,which has important enlightenment for psychological counseling and family education.