中华苏维埃代表大会制度中的协商民主探析

An Analysis of Deliberative Democracy in the System of Chinese Soviet Congress

当20世纪80年代西方学者热衷于讨论协商民主以试图弥补选举民主不足时,很多人以为是“舶来品”的协商民主早在20世纪30年代初中国共产党局部执政的革命根据地的工农武装政权里就开始探索实践了。中国共产党在探索人民当家作主的民主实践中,建立了苏维埃代表大会制度,这是让人民当家作主的制度探索,选举民主与协商民主在其中相伴相生:苏维埃代表大会代表选举进程中要进行广泛的协商和讨论,关乎民众利益的决策通过代表会议协商出台,苏维埃代表大会在立法进程中要进行充分的协商和讨论。中华苏维埃代表大会制度中的协商民主探索为中国特色人民代表大会制度内的协商民主积累了最初的经验。

When western scholars were keen to discuss deliberative democracy as a makeup for the shortage of electoral democracy in the 1980s,the deliberative democracy,as recognized by many people as an“imported product”,began to be explored and practiced as early as the early 1930s in the armed regime of workers and peasants in the revolutionary base areas governed by the CPC.In exploring the democratic practice of people’s sovereignty,the CPC established the Soviet Congress system as an institutional exploration in people’s sovereignty,in which electoral democracy and deliberative democracy were born together:wide-range negotiation and discussion were conducted in electing the soviet delegates,and decisions relating to people’s interests were made through negotiation of delegates,and sufficient negotiation and discussion need to be performed in legislation of the Soviet Congress.The exploration of deliberative democracy in the system of the Chinese Soviet Congress provided the initial experience for the deliberative democracy in the system of the People’s Congress with Chinese characteristics.