农家“月令”的发端:从《礼记·月令》到《四民月令》

The Origin of Yue Ling of Farmers: from Yue Ling of Book of Rites to Si Min Yue Ling

在认知自然、总结规律以指导生存过程中,先民创造了独特的月令文化。《礼记·月令》的成文及其对政治和社会的影响,反映了先秦至西汉时期月令的王官性质。东汉时期,社会历史的演变孕育了以民间日常为主导的《四民月令》,它虽然承袭了《礼记·月令》的体例结构及基本特征,但在基本内容、调节范围、目的和性质等方面发生了重大转变。《四民月令》由此成为王官时令向民间岁时转化的分水岭,开启了农家“月令”的端绪,对传统农业社会的存续发展产生了重要影响。

In the process of understanding nature and summarizing natural laws for their living,our ancestors created a unique Yue Ling(guide to farming life in twelve lunar months)culture.For instance,Yue Ling of Book of Rites influenced politics and society at that time and reflected the official character from pre-Qin to Western Han Dynasty.However,in the Eastern Han Dynasty,the evolution of social history gave birth to Si Min Yue Ling,which centered on the ordinary life.Although it inherited the style,structure and basic characteristics Yue Ling of Book of Rites,it greatly varied in the basic content,adjustment degree,purpose and nature.Therefore this book was a turning point from its official nature to the folk,originating Yue Ling of farmers and had an important impact on the development of the traditional agricultural society.