《诗经·大雅·桑柔》“民靡有黎”释义辨补

On Interpretations of Min Mi You Li in Great Elegance · Soft Mulberry Leaves of Book of Songs

《大雅·桑柔》是《诗三百》中一首颇具代表性的长篇政治讽刺诗,作者以沉重的笔触抨击了奸臣弄权、民不聊生的黑暗现实,同时也抒发了自己忧国忧民却无力回天的怨愤之情。然而,对于诗中“民靡有黎,具祸以烬”一句中“黎”的释义,前修时贤却有不同的见解。其中,以毛亨、郑玄、朱熹、王引之、马瑞辰为代表,先后产生了“齐”“不齐”“黑”“众”“老”五种不同观点。对比众说,并结合前后文语义、《诗》文表达通例以及“黎”字的具体用法来看,释“黎”为“众”更契合诗意、公允可信。

Great Elegance·Soft Mulberry Leaves is a long satirical poem in Book of Songs,in which the poet criticizes the dark reality and deeply expressed his resentment.However,about the phrase“Min Mi You li”(民靡有黎),there are five different interpretations,such as“all”by Mao Heng,“not all”by Zheng Xuan,“dark”by Zhu Xi,“many”by Wang Yinzhi and“old”by Ma Ruichen.Comparing the different interpretations in the context,the author holds the opinion that understanding it as“many”is proper in the context and more credible.