郭绍虞语言文字观及其新诗建构理念

Guo Shaoyu’s Views on Chinese Language and Construction of New Poetry

自白话诗运动以来,新诗一直在语体和文体的选择中艰难行进,郭绍虞洞察到新诗创作之所以不能取得满意的成绩,根本症结在于新诗人不能正确地看待诗歌和语言文字的关系。他既肯定语体化、散文化是现代新诗发展的必然走向,又对白话诗过度欧化的问题予以针砭。郭绍虞主张重新认识中国语言文字的特性;指出中国语词具有伸缩分合的弹性作用,中国文字型、骈偶化的旧体文学有其存在的合理性;主张新诗人要重视音节的本土化建设,积极吸纳单音节汉字在双叠、四声及抑扬律等方面的成果。郭绍虞的诗论体现出了因旧生新、言文并举的特点。他的这些探索对20世纪以来我国的诗词创作与批评研究有着重要的参鉴意义。

Since the Movement of Vernacular Poetry,poets have been struggling in the choice of language style and literary form.Guo Shaoyu realized that the fundamental reason why the new poetry were not satisfactory because the new poets misunderstood the relationship between poetry and language.On one hand,he affirmed that new poetry tended to develop a new language style and be prose-like;on the other hand,he criticized the excessive westernization of vernacular poetry.He called on a new understanding of the characteristics of Chinese language,pointed out that Chinese characters are elastic and that the old style literature type and parallel coupling should be kept rationally.Then he advocated that new poets should pay attention to the localization of syllables,and activate monosyllabic Chinese characters in the aspects of double stack,four tones and cadence.His theory of poetry combined both the old and the new and the classical and vernacular,so his explorations were of great significance to the study of poetry creation and criticism in China since the 20 th century.