硬粒小麦ANW16G株高和节间长的数量遗传模型分析

Quantitative Genetic Model Analysis of Plant Height and Internode Length of Durum Wheat ANW16G

小麦是重要的粮食作物之一。矮秆小麦因具有抗倒伏等优点,能显著提高小麦粮食产量。硬粒小麦ANW16G是携带矮秆基因Rht 18的四倍体矮秆基因资源。为明确ANW16G株高及其茎节间长性状的遗传模型与基因的作用方式,并估测其主基因、多基因遗传效应与遗传率,本研究选用ANW16G与高秆亲本LD222杂交所得F 2世代群体,采用单个分离世代群体的主-多基因遗传分析方法,对株高和茎节间长性状进行数量遗传分析。结果表明,株高与各节间长均极显著正相关,且与倒一节间长的相关性最高。株高受2对主效基因控制,符合加性-显性-上位性遗传模型(B-1模型),且加性效应>互作效应>显性效应,主效基因遗传率较高,达到93.37%。因此,在选种工作中,可以在F 2代进行株高性状选择。此外,发现各节间长符合1对主效基因控制的加性-显性遗传模型,加性效应和显性效应同等重要,主效基因遗传率为29.79%~68.99%,受环境影响相对较大。本研究结果为株高相关性状的QTL分析、株高遗传调控机制的阐释以及利用ANW16G进行小麦矮化育种提供了参考。

Wheat is regarded as one of the most important grain crops.Dwarf wheat,with its lodging resistance,can significantly increase the grain yield.Durum wheat ANW16G is a tetraploid dwarf gene resource that carries dwarf gene Rht 18.In this study,F 2 populations derived from the cross ANW16G×LD222(high stalk)is chosen and a quantitative genetic analysis of its plant height and internodes length traits by the major gene plus polygenes genetic mode is given for finding out the genetic model of ANW16G plant height and internodes,the function mode of genes,and evaluating the genetic effect and heritability of its major gene and polygenes.The results show that plant height is significantly and positively correlated with internode length,and the highest correlation is Under the situation found between plant height and 1th internode length;plant height is controlled by 2 pairs major genes,and fits well into the additive-dominant-epistatic genetic model(B-1 model),with the importance of major-gene genetic components being in the order of additive>interaction>dominant;the genetic rate of the major gene for plant height is relatively higher,reaching 93.37%.As a result,it is possible to select plant height traits in F 2 generation.In addition,the internodes length is found to be in accordance with the additive-dominant genetic model(A-1 model)controlled by one major gene,and the additive effect and the dominant effect are equally important.The heritability of the major gene is 29.79%~68.99%,obviously being affected by environment factors.These results can provide references for doing QTL analysis of plant height relevant traits,giving explanation to genetic regulation mechanism of plant height and utilizing ANW16G in wheat dwarfing breeding.