学术、心术与政治--以晚清翼教派对“学术”之思考为中心论健全政治人格之培养

Scholarship,Spiritual Skills and Politics:Cultivation of a Sound Political Personality with the Thought of Scholarship of the Yijiao School as the Center

在晚清维新变法时期,保守的翼教派在批评维新派改革依据的"学术"有误时,进而批评其"心术"不正。中国古典的"学术""心术"强调学习和思考的途径方法,而不只是指思想观念和道德动机。"学术"观点之歧异,直接原因在于"学术"方法途径之不同,根本原因则在于"心术"的区别。翼教派所说的"心术"并非一般道德意义上的动机不良,而是政治意义上心灵的秩序品格。健康的政治端赖于正常的心灵秩序。正是这一品格的丧失败坏,导致维新派的改革尽管有着美好的动机,但其最终的结局必然导致政治秩序的瓦解毁灭,也必将导致政治品质的堕落败坏。政治的变革、建设以及评议,必须首要考察参与者心灵的秩序品格,而非简单的道德动机和勇气。

During the Reform Movement of the late Qing Dynasty,the conservative Yijiao School criticizes the Reformists for their errors of the“scholarship”and their unjust spiritual skills.Chinese classical“scholarship”and“spiritual skills”emphasize not only the ideas and moral motives,but the approach and ways of studying and thinking.The divergence of the academic viewpoint is directedly caused by the differences of“the spiritual skills”.What the Yijiao School called“the spiritual skills”is not the bad motives in a general moral sense,but the characters of spiritual orders in a political sense.Healthy politics depends on the normal order of spirit.It is the loss and corruption of the characters that lead finally to the destruction and collapse of the political order,and the degeneration and corruption of the political quality although the Reformation Movement has good motives.The political reform,construction and review firsdy must investigate the characters of participants’spiritual orders,rather than the simple moral motives and courage.