440例药疹临床回顾性分析

Retrospective analysis of drug eruption in 440 cases

目的:探讨药疹的临床特点及致敏药物,为临床诊断、治疗及用药提供参考。方法:对本院2013年6月-2018年6月期间的440例住院药疹患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:440例患者中283例可明确致敏药物。其中抗生素致敏者最多见(37.10%),其次为中药及中成药(28.62%)。非重症药疹中最常见的类型为多形红斑型药疹(29.54%),重症药疹最常见类型为重症多形红斑型药疹(10.91%)。结论:本院非重症药疹患者中最主要致敏药物为抗生素类,重症药疹中主要致敏药物为中药及中成药类。临床中应该合理用药,加强药品使用管理,尤其是抗生素类。对于中药或者中成药,应该明确严格适应症,避免滥用。

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and allergenic drugs of drug eruption,providing reference for the diagnosis and the treatment of drug eruption.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 440 inpatients with drug eruption in the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing medical university from 2013.06-2018.06.Results:Among the 440 patients,allergenic drugs were identified in 283 patients.Antibiotics were the most common drugs(37.10%),followed by Chinese herb medicines and patent medicines(28.62%).Erythema multiforme(29.54%)was the most common in mild to moderate drug eruption,while Stevens-Johnson syndrome(10.91%)was the most common in severe drug eruption.Conclusions:The main allergenic drugs in patients with mild to moderate drug eruption and severe drug eruption are antibiotics,and Chinese herb medicines and patent medicines,respectively.In clinic,drugs,especially antibiotics,should be properly used.Chinese herb medicines and patent medicines should be used according to their indications,avoiding abuse of them.