“十四五”时期我国所有制结构的变化趋势及优化政策研究

The Change Trend and Optimization Policy of China's Ownership Structure during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

本文通过梳理我国所有制结构演进的政策基础、分析“十三五”时期我国所有制结构现状和问题,判断了“十四五”时期我国所有制结构变化的基本趋势,进而提出了所有制结构优化政策体系。本文认为,“十三五”时期国有、民营和外资三种所有制的比例关系已经不再呈现大幅度的趋势性变化,我国公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的所有制格局已经基本成熟。但是,国有经济布局存在“大而不强”“大而不优”的问题,混合所有制改革还存在改革协同性差、“混而未改”等问题,非公经济的营商环境还有待进一步提高。本文判断“十四五”时期我国所有制结构变化呈现出宏观层面混合所有制结构基本稳定、微观层面混合所有制结构加速融合的基本趋势。基于上述分析判断,本文围绕完善市场政策体系、深化国企国资改革、发展非公经济三方面提出了一系列政策思路。

This paper first sorts out the policy basis for the evolution of China's ownership structure,analyzes the status quo and existing problems of China's ownership structure during the“13th Five-Year Plan”period,identifies the basic trend of China's ownership structure during the“14th Five-Year Plan”period,and then proposes a policy system for optimizing the ownership structure.We find that China's ownership structure,in which public ownership is the mainstay and economic entities of diverse ownership develop together,has basically matured since the proportions of state ownership,private ownership,and foreign ownership economy in the“13th Five-Year Plan”period have no longer shown significant changes.However,the state-owned economy has“big but not strong”and“big but not good”problems.Mixed ownership reform also has problems such as lacking reform synergy and“mixing but not reforming”.The business environment of the non-public economy still needs to be further improved.During the“14th Five-Year Plan”period,we believe that the macro-level mixed ownership structure in China tends to become stable but the micro-level mixed ownership structure tends to integrate speedily.Based on these analysis,a series of policy suggestions has been proposed,focusing on improving the market system,deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises and state-owned assets,and developing the non-public economy.