农村集体建设用地流转与产业结构调整——基于地票制度的自然实验研究

Rural Collective Construction Land Transfer and Industrial Structure Adjustment——Evidence from the Land Coupon Policy

农村农业优先发展需要在制度上确保广大农民能够更加平等地参与经济发展进程,共享改革成果。这就要求加快建立统一的城乡要素平等交换与优化配置的制度体系,在实现乡村振兴的同时,助力中国经济高质量发展。本文重点关注农村集体建设用地流转促进区域产业结构调整的制度功能,将地票制度改革作为一项自然实验,利用2000-2017年间的统计数据,客观评估农村集体建设用地流转对地区产业结构优化升级的作用和影响。研究结果显示,该政策的实施不仅能够持续有效促进地区产业结构升级,而且对地区工业和服务业增长均具有显著促进作用。进一步的中间影响机制研究表明,社会消费与农民职业发展是重要的影响渠道。为此,政策部门应持续深化农村土地制度改革,在城乡融合发展的视角下尽快形成统一的建设用地市场,为农民通过级差地租公平分享经济发展成果营造更好的制度环境。

The prior development of rural areas and agriculture needs to ensure that farmers participate in the process of economic development more fairly and share the achievement of the reform.This requires the establishment of a unified system to exchange and distribute economic resources equally between urban and rural areas.Based on a natural experiment of the reform of land coupon policy in 70 cities in China between 2000 and 2017,this paper evaluates the effect of rural collective construction land transfer on promoting regional industrial structure adjustment.The results show that the land coupon policy can effectively accelerate the upgrading of regional industrial structure,and the effect of the promotion is persistent.Meanwhile,the policy has significantly boosted the growth of output and employment in regional industries and services.Furthermore,the mechanism analysis shows that social consumption and farmers'career development are important channels.Therefore,China should continue to deepen the reform of construction land system in order to form an integrated construction land market across urban and rural areas.