财政支农政策与农民收入的实证研究——基于农业补贴的视角

An Empirical Investigation into The Financial Support for Agriculture and Farmers’Income

本文利用2009—2015年全国农村固定观察点数据,通过收入流动性矩阵和面板分位数回归的方法对财政支农政策尤其是农业补贴政策的支农效果进行了实证检验。计量结果表明,财政补贴没有显著改善农村居民的收入流动状况,虽然对中低收入农户有一定正面影响,但总体上不会改变整个农村的收入分配格局。但是,财政补贴有助于缓解农村的绝对贫困,可以有效增加低收入群体的收入。但相比于其他财政转移性支出,农业补贴发挥的减贫作用并不具有优势。为了提高补贴政策的精准度,本文建议对现有补贴方式进行调整,即不再将普惠制补贴与土地面积简单挂钩,而是将整个补贴归为两类:一部分与农村低保资金整合支持农村弱势群体,另一部分通过支持农业保险和担保等方式重点补贴适度规模经营主体以及支持农业社会化服务体系建设。

Based on the fixed data of the national rural observation points from 2009 to 2015,this paper empirically tests the effect of financial support for agriculture,especially agricultural subsidies,by means of income liquidity matrix and panel quantile regression.The results show that the financial subsidies do not significantly improve the income flow of rural residents.Although it has a positive impact on low-income farmers,it will not change the overall rural income distribution pattern.However,financial subsidies can help alleviate the absolute poverty in rural areas and effectively increase the income of low-income groups.However,compared with other fiscal transfer expenditures,the role of agricultural subsidies in poverty reduction does not have an advantage.In order to improve the accuracy of the subsidy policy,this paper proposes to adjust the existing subsidy methods,that is,instead of simply linking the GSP subsidy with the land area,the whole subsidy is divided into two categories:one is to integrate with the rural minimum living insurance fund to support the rural vulnerable groups;the other is to focus on the appropriate scale of the operating subjects and support through supporting agricultural insurance and guarantee the construction of agricultural socialized service system.