不同技术来源对中国装备制造业技术创新的影响——基于企业所有制类型视角

The Impact of Different Technology Sources on the Technological Innovation of China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry:based on the Perspective of the Type of Corporate Ownership

利用2010-2017年中国装备制造业国有企业、民营企业和外资企业面板数据,分析不同技术来源对各所有制企业技术创新的影响,进一步考察各所有制企业对外源性技术来源的吸收效率。结果发现,不同技术来源对中国装备制造业技术创新的影响因所有制不同而呈现显著差异。其中,国外技术引进对民营企业和外资企业技术创新具有显著正向影响,对国有企业没有显著影响;国内技术购买对民营企业有显著抑制作用,对其它类型企业没有影响;外商直接投资对国有企业和外资企业的技术创新有显著正向作用,对民营企业没有显著影响;自主研发显著促进国有企业技术创新,而对民营企业和外资企业没有显著促进作用。考察吸收效率发现,不同所有制企业对各种来源技术吸收效率整体较低且存在一定差异。

Using the panel data of state-owned enterprises,private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises in China's equipment manufacturing industry from 2010 to 2017,the paper analyzes the impact of different technology sources on the technological innovation of each enterprise,and further examines the absorption efficiency of the external technology sources of each enterprise.The study finds that the influence of different technology sources on the technological innovation of China's equipment manufacturing industry is significantly different due to the different ownership systems.Among them,the introduction of foreign technology has a significant positive impact on the technological innovation of private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises.There is no significant impact;domestic technology purchase has a significant inhibitory effect on private enterprises,and has no impact on other types of enterprises;foreign direct investment has a significant positive effect on technological innovation of state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises,and has no significant impact on private enterprises.Independent research and development has significantly promoted the technological innovation of state-owned enterprises,but has not significantly promoted private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises.The investigation of absorption efficiency found that the absorption efficiency of various technology sources by different ownership enterprises is low overall,and there are certain differences:state-owned enterprises and private enterprises have higher absorption efficiency for foreign technology introduction,independent research and development and foreign technology introduction.There is a complementary effect;there is a substitution effect between the independent R&D of private enterprises and the purchase of domestic technology;the absorption efficiency of foreign direct investment by foreign-funded enterprises is relatively high.