荷兰空间规划中的韧性理念及其启示

Resilience Within Spatial Planning in the Netherlands and Its Implications

作为一种战略性、基础性的规划手段,空间规划可以通过影响城市结构或土地利用等降低城市面对的多重风险及影响。传统规划对于空间如何应对变化、冲击及不确定性的关注有待提高,"韧性理念"在规划中的引入为协调城市发展目标和城市安全底线提供了一个新的视角。荷兰空间规划在应对气候变化、环境挑战和灾害风险方面取得了较大的成绩,本文结合荷兰空间规划实践,探讨空间规划政策中的韧性理念和特征,以及如何通过规划应对风险和挑战。研究表明,虽然不是所有的韧性特征均能在荷兰空间规划中得到体现,但韧性理念始终贯穿于各级空间规划,且不同层级空间规划所关注的韧性侧重点不同。在研究基础上,建议将韧性理念应用于我国空间规划,为我国在生态文明建设与安全发展背景下完善和优化空间规划提供思考与借鉴。

As a strategic and basic planning tool,spatial planning aims to alleviate the multiple risks and impacts by influencing urban land use pattern.Little attention was paid by traditional planning on the ability to deal with changes and impacts.The concept of resilience provides a new perspective for coordinating urban development goals and urban safety bottom lines.Spatial planning in the Netherlands has made great achievements in addressing climate change,environmental challenges and disaster risks.This paper combines the progress of practices in the Netherlands to explore the resilience concepts and characteristics in spatial planning and how to address risks and challenges through spatial planning.Previous studies found that although not all resilience features can be reflected in the planning,the concept of resilience always runs through the spatial planning at all levels,and the resilience emphasis in each level of spatial planning is different.The paper puts forward strategies for implicating of resilience ideas within spatial planning in China and provides reference for China to improve and optimize spatial planning in the context of ecological civilization and security development.