社会资本对城乡老年人健康影响的实证研究——基于CGSS混合截面数据

An Empirical Study of the Influence of Social Capital on the Health of Urban and Rural Elderly——Based on CGSS Mixed Section Data

利用2013年、2015年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)的混合截面数据,采用二元logistic回归、OLS回归模型,从生理健康和心理健康二个维度,综合考察了社会资本对城乡老年人健康的影响,并检验了社会融合学说及网络关系学说两个理论.研究发现:个体社会资本与集体社会资本均对老年人的生理与心理健康产生显著正向作用,社会经济地位、收入和教育都对老年人身心健康有正向影响,性别和年龄会影响老年人的生理健康,而婚姻会影响老年人的心理健康,家庭规模的影响作用不显著.但在考虑城乡二元结构差异时,个体社会资本对城市老年人的生理与心理健康影响不显著,而家庭规模对农村老年人的心理健康产生显著正向作用.因此,需要促进城市老年人社会交往,提高老年人的社会经济地位,鼓励农村孩子常回家看看,共同营造一个“健康老龄化”的社会.

Using the mixed-sectional data of China Comprehensive Social Survey(CGSS)in 2013 and 2015,this paper constructed a dual logistic regression model and OLS regression model to comprehensively examine the influence of social capital on the health of urban and rural elderly from the two dimensions of physical health and mental health and test the two theories of social integration theory and network relationship theory.The result shows that individual and collective social capital have a significant positive effect on the physical and mental health of the elderly,so do the socioeconomic status,income and education.Gender and age will affect the physical health of the elderly,while marriage will affect their mental health.The impact of family size is not remarkable.However,when considering the urban-rural structural differences,the impact of individual social capital on the physical and mental health of urban elderly is not significant,while family size has a significant positive effect on the mental health of rural elderly.Therefore,it is necessary to promote the social communication of urban elderly,improve the socioeconomic status of the elderly and encourage rural children to go home often to visit their parents so as to create a healthy-aging society.