面向运行约束的三峡水库生态调度研究

Research on Ecological Dispatching of Three Gorges Reservoir Oriented to Operation Constraints

三峡水库多年运行期生态调度监测结果表明,实施促进四大家鱼产卵的生态调度效果显著,后期运行需长期坚持。为确保生态调度方案具有可操作性和持续性,方案编制需综合考虑水库自身运行约束和四大家鱼繁殖所需的水文、水力学条件。通过量化三峡-葛洲坝梯级水库运行约束,构建模型评估不同时间开展生态调度的可行性。结果表明:5月上中旬水温满足情况下适宜开展生态调度,5月下旬至6月上旬开展生态调度将增加葛洲坝弃水风险同时影响水库消落,6月中下旬至7月上旬可结合防洪调度开展生态调度。研究结果可为实时调度过程中三峡水库生态调度方案的编制和启动提供参考。

The monitoring results of ecological dispatching during the operation period of the Three Gorges Project for many years show that the implementation of ecological dispatching to promote spawning of the four giant carps has achieved remarkable results.In order to ensure the operability and sustainability of the ecological dispatching scheme,the hydrological and hydraulic conditions require the operation of the reservoir itself and the breeding of the four giant carps should be considered comprehensively in the formulation of the scheme.By quantifying the operation constraints of the Three Gorges-Gezhouba cascade reservoir,this paper constructs a model to evaluate the feasibility of ecological dispatching at different times.The results show that ecological dispatching is suitable when the water temperature fits in the first and middle of May.It will increase the risk of discarding water of Gezhouba Dam and affect the decline of reservoir from the second ten days of May to the first ten days of June.The ecological dispatching can be carried out in combination with flood control dispatching from the second ten days of June to the first ten days of July.The research results serve as a reference for the compilation and start-up of the ecological dispatching plan of the Three Gorges Reservoir in the real-time dispatching process.