法律行为三元素(要素、常素、偶素)理论的诞生发展史

The Origin and Development of the Trichotomy of Essentialia,Naturalia and Accidentialia Negotii

本文旨在较详细地检视法律行为三元素(要素essentialia、常素naturalia、偶素accidentialia)理论从罗马法(帕比尼安[Papinianus]、乌尔比安[Ulpianus])、中世纪法(注释法学派的伊尔内留斯[Irnerius]、雅各斯[Iacobus]、马提努斯[Martinus]、罗格里乌斯[Rogerius]、普拉岑提努斯[Placentinus]、阿佐[Azo]、阿库修斯[Accursius],评注法学派的巴尔杜斯[Baldus])到近现代法(法国的戈度弗雷都斯[Gothofredus]、坡蒂埃[Pothier],德国的内特尔布拉特[Nettelbladt]、达贝洛[Dabelow]、马克尔代[Mackeldey]、戴恩伯[Dernburg]、恩内策鲁斯[Enneccerus]/尼佩代[Nipperdey]、冯·图尔[von Tuhr]、列曼[Lehmann],葡萄牙的戈雷亚·德勒斯[Corrêa Telles]、戈埃留·达·罗查[Coelho da Rocha]、若泽·达瓦雷斯[Jos Tavares]、库尼雅·冈沙尔维斯[Cunha Gon alves]、曼努埃尔·德·安德拉德[Manuel de Andrade]、卡路士·莫达·宾度[Carlos Mota Pinto]等)的源流,包括该理论所受的亚里士多德实体或称本体(substantia)与本质(essentia)哲学影响,以及要素的内涵在近代所发生的泛化(一般性[allgemeine]要素与个别性[besondere]要素之分)。

This paper aims to examine the origin and development of the trichotomy of essentialia,naturalia and accidentialia negotii in detail from Roman law(Papinianus and Ulpianus),medieval law(Irnerius,Iacobus,Martinus,Rogerius,Placentinus,Azo and Accursius from the School of Glossators,and Baldus from the School of Commentators)to modern law(Gothofredus and Pothier from France,Nettelbladt,Dabelow,Mackeldey,Dernburg,Enneccerus/Nipperdey,von Tuhr,Lehmann from Germany,and Corrêa Telles,Coelho da Rocha,Jos Tavares,Cunha Gon alves,Manuel de Andrade,Carlos Mota Pinto from Portugal etc.),including the influences of Aristotelian philosophy of substance(substantia)and essence(essentia)on the trichotomy and the generalization of the meaning of essentialia in early modern period(the distinction between general[allgemeine]essentialia and special[besondere]essentialia).