华蓥市山区典型林分水源涵养功能评价

Evaluation of Water Conservation Function of Typical Stands in Mountainous Areas of Huaying City

为研究南方丘陵山区典型人工林的生长现状和涵养水源能力,选取华蓥市6种林分作为研究对象,通过测定林下枯落物层和土壤层特征,分析比较不同林地枯落物和土壤的持水能力,对林地水源涵养能力进行评价。结果表明:杉木纯林(近自然经营)枯落物现存蓄积量最大,枯落物持水能力排序为杉木纯林(近自然经营)>杉木纯林>马尾松—檵木混交林(近自然经营)>杉木—响叶杨混交林>柏木纯林>马尾松—杉木混交林;杉木纯林的土壤层总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、有效持水量均为最优,分别达到67.67%,60.39%,138.11t/hm^2;6种林地土壤有效持水量大小顺序为杉木纯林>杉木纯林(近自然经营)>马尾松—杉木混交林>杉木—响叶杨混交林>柏木纯林>马尾松—檵木混交林(近自然经营);综合枯落物层和土壤层持水能力可知,杉木纯林(近自然经营)的水源涵养能力最强,为309.77t/hm^2,马尾松—杉木混交林最弱。

In order to study the growth and water conservation capacity of typical plantations in southern hilly areas,six forest stands of Huaying City were selected as research objects.By measuring the characteristics of litter layer and soil layer under forest,the water holding capacities of litter and soil in different forests were analyzed and compared.The results showed that the litter of Chinese fir pure forest(close-to natural management)had the largest accumulated stock,and the water holding capacities of litter was as follows:Chinese fir pure forest(close-to-nature management)>Chinese fir pure forest>Pinus massoniana and Loropetalum chinense mixed forest(close-to-nature management)>Chinese fir and Populus alata mixed forest>Cypress pure forest>Pinus massoniana and Chinese fir mixed forest;the total soil porosity,capillary porosity and available water holding capacities of pure Chinese fir forest were optimal,reaching 67.67%,60.39%,138.11 t/hm^2.The available water holding capacities of the six forest stands soils were:pure Chinese fir forest>pure Chinese fir forest(close-to-nature management)>Pinus massoniana and Chinese fir mixed forest>Chinese fir and Populus alata mixed forest>Cypress pure forest>Pinus massoniana and Loropetalum chinense mixed forest(close-to-nature management).Combined with the water holding capacities of litter layer and soil layer,it could be found that the Chinese fir pure forest(close-to-nature management)gave the best water conservation capacity,309.77 t/hm^2,but the Pinus massoniana and Chinese fir mixed forest gave the weakest.