3~6岁支气管哮喘儿童自我感受负担情况调查及影响因素分析

Self-perceived burden in children aged 3-6 years with bronchial asthma

目的对3~6岁支气管哮喘儿童自我感受负担(SPB)情况进行调查及影响因素分析。方法以2018年3月至2019年8月四川省某医院收治的3~6岁支气管哮喘儿童及其家长为研究对象,采用家长调查问卷对儿童家长进行调查,内容包括儿童基本情况(年龄、性别、病程、住院次数)和家庭照顾情况(家长年龄、性别、家庭经济状况、文化程度、患病情况等)。采用自我感受负担量表(SPBS)对哮喘儿童进行SPB调查,采用单、多因素分析方法对气管哮喘儿童SPB影响因素进行分析。结果本研究共对161对3~6岁支气管哮喘儿童及其家长进行调查,男、女儿童性别比为1∶1.2。在被调查的儿童中,3~4岁70例,占43.5%,5~6岁91例,占56.5%,3~14万元家庭年收入116例,占72.0%。家长性别以女性为主,125人,占77.6%,年龄以<45岁为主,125人,占77.6%,以高中或中专、大专文化程度为主,98人,占60.9%。儿童SPBS评分为(26.62±6.03)分,无负担、轻度负担、中度负担和重度负担者分别41、61、50、9例,分别占25.5%、37.8%、31.1%、5.6%。多元线性逐步回归方程结果显示,儿童年龄越大(标准化回归系数=0.803)、女孩(标准化回归系数=0.213)、住院次数越多(标准化回归系数=0.073)、家长有疾病史(标准化回归系数=0.057)使支气管哮喘儿童SPB评分更高,家庭收入越高(标准化回归系数=-0.334)儿童SPB评分越低。结论 3~6岁支气管哮喘儿童存在不同程度SPB现状,轻度负担与中度负担比例较高,可受多种因素影响;需加强低龄支气管哮喘儿童心理疏导护理,适时开展心理行为引导,调节改善儿童SPB,预防不良事件。

Objective To investigate the self-perceived burden(SPB)in children aged 3-6 years with bronchialasthma and analyze its influencing factors.Methods Children aged 3 to 6 years with bronchial asthma and admitted to ahospital in Sichuan Province from March 2018 to August 2019 and their parents were enrolled in the study.A parentalquestionnaire survey was conducted,including the basic information of the children(age,gender,course of disease,num-ber of hospitalizations)and family care status(parent age,gender,family economic status,educational level,medicalconditions).Self-perceived burden scale(SPBS)was used to evaluate the SPB in children with asthma.Univariate andmultivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze factors influencing of SPB in children with tracheal asthma.Results A total of 161 children aged 3 to 6 years with bronchial asthma and their parents were investigated.The boy to girl ratio was1∶1.2.Of all the children,70(43.5%)were 3 to 4 years old,91(56.5%)were 5 to 6 years old,and the household in-come of 116(72.0%)were from 30 000 to 140 000 Yuan.Of the parents,125(77.6%)were female,125(77.6%)were <45 years old,and 98(60.9%)had high school or college education.The children’s SPBS score was(26.62 ±6.03).Of the cases,there were 41(25.5%)with no-burden,61(37.8%)with mild-burden,50(31.1%)with moderate-burden,and 9(5.6%)with severe-burden.Multivariate linear stepwise regression equation showed that the children withbronchial asthma who were older(standardized regression coefficient[SRC]=0.803),girls(SRC=0.213),hospitalized more times(SRC=0.073),and whose parents had history of illness(SRC=0.057)were more likely to have higher SPBscores,while the children with higher family income(SRC=-0.334)were more likely to have lower SPB scores.Conclusion Children aged 3-6 years with bronchial asthma had different levels of SPB and the proportion of mild and moderateSPBs were relatively high,which can be influenced by many factors.It is necessary to strengthen the psychological guidanceand nursing for young children with bronchial asthma to alleviate the SPB in the children and prevent adverse events.