渭北旱塬不同水肥条件下气象因子对苹果树干茎流的影响

Effects of Meteorological Factors on Stem Flow of Apple under Different Water and Fertilizer Conditions in the upland of Weibei River

为了研究基于苹果树干茎流的果树蒸腾耗水规律及水肥、气象因子的影响,于2018年在陕西渭北旱塬苹果园开展了不同水肥处理(低肥中水、中肥中水、高肥中水、中肥高水和中肥低水)对苹果树茎流影响的试验研究。结果表明:苹果树茎流速率在生育期内不同月份,昼升夜降,昼增夜减的日变化特征明显。灌水量一致时,随着施肥量的增加,果树日茎流量与日均气温、日辐射量和日相对湿度等气象因子的相关性逐渐减小;施肥量一致时,日辐射量、日均气温和地表温度与茎流量的相关性在中肥中水时取得最高值。苹果树茎流在不同水肥处理下排序为:中水>高水>低水;中肥>高肥>低肥,低水和低肥处理都会明显降低苹果树的茎流速率,灌水对于苹果树茎流速率的影响要比施肥显著,水肥耦合效应对果树茎流有更大的促进作用,比单肥水平处理和单水分处理更明显。

In order to study the rule of transpiration water consumption of fruit trees based on apple tree trunk and stem flow and the influence of water and fertilizer and meteorological factors,an experimental study on the influence of different water and fertilizer treatments(low-fat medium water,medium-fat medium water,high-fat medium water,medium-fat high water and medium-fat low water)on apple tree stem flow was carried out in apple orchard in the dry tableland of Weibei,Shaanxi province in 2018.The results showed that the stem flow rate of apple tree increased day and decreased night in different months during the growth period;when irrigation amount was the same,the correlation between daily stem flow and meteorological factors such as daily temperature,daily radiation and daily relative humidity decreased with the increase of fertilizer application.The correlation between daily radiation,daily air temperature and surface temperature and stem flow was the highest when the fertilizer application rate was the same;The order of apple tree stem flow under different water and fertilizer treatment was:medium water>high water>low water;Medium fertilizer>high fertilizer>low fertilizer;low water and low fertilizer treatment could significantly reduce the stem flow rate of apple trees.Irrigation had a more significant effect on the stem flow rate of apple trees than fertilization.The coupling effect of water and fertilizer had a greater promoting effect on the stem flow of apple trees than single fertilizer level treatment and single water treatment.