膜下滴灌条件下不同水氮供应对大棚番茄品质的影响

Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Supply on Quality of Tomato in Greenhouse under Drip Irrigation under Film

为揭示膜下滴灌水氮耦合效应对大棚番茄品质的影响和寻求优质番茄生产的最佳水氮耦合模式,通过膜下滴灌试验,对不同水氮处理下番茄的品质指标进行测定分析。试验设计4个灌水处理和3个施氮处理,灌水处理为苗期较充分灌水减少50%灌水量(W1)、苗期与开花期较充分灌水减少50%灌水量(W2)、全生育期较充分灌水减少50%灌水量(W3)、全生育期充分灌水(W4);施氮处理为200 kg/hm^2(N1)、300 kg/hm^2(N2)、400 kg/hm^2(N3)。结果表明,苗期和开花期减少灌水量能够提高番茄可溶性糖、VC与硝酸盐含量,降低有机酸的含量;增加施氮量和减少灌水量会使硝酸盐含量升高。灌水处理、施氮处理和水氮耦合对番茄可溶性糖、有机酸、VC、硝酸盐含量的影响均达到极显著水平;灌水处理对番茄红素的影响显著,施氮量和水氮耦合效应对番茄红素的影响不显著,并通过主成分分析,对番茄各项品质指标进行综合分析,得到综合评价得分最高的水氮耦合为W2N3。

In order to explore the effect of water-nitrogen coupling effect of drip irrigation under plastic mulch on the quality of tomato in greenhouse and obtain the best water-nitrogen coupling mode for tomato production,the quality targets of tomato under different water and nitrogen treatments were analyzed through drip irrigation under plastic mulch testing in greenhouse.4 irrigation treatments and 3 nitrogen treatments were designed.The water treatments included 50%reduction of full irrigation at seedling stage(W1),50%reduction of full irrigation at seedling stage and flowering stage(W2),50%reduction of full irrigation at the whole growth stage(W3),and full irrigation at whole growth stage(W4);Nitrogen treatments were 200 kg/hm^2(N1),300 kg/hm^2(N2),400 kg/hm^2(N3).The results showed that reducing irrigation amount at seedling and flowering stage could increase the content of soluble sugar,VC and nitrate,but decrease the content of organic acid.Increasing nitrogen application could increase the content of nitrate.The effects of water treatment,nitrogen application and water-nitrogen coupling on the content of soluble sugar,organic acid,VC and nitrate of tomato were reached extremely significant levels.The effect of irrigation treatment on lycopene was significant,but the effect of nitrogen treatment and water-nitrogen coupling effect on lycopene was not significant.The quality targets of tomato were comprehensively analyzed through principal component analysis,and the highest comprehensive evaluation score of water-nitrogen coupling was the treatment of W2N3.