承传与转异:陕西陇县阎家庵血社火个案调研

Succession and Transfer:Investigation of the Case of the Yanjiaan village's bloody Ceremony of the Spring Festival in long County,Shaanxi Province

陕西陇县的阎家庵血社火是全国此类民俗中唯一在夜晚以地台社火形式进行表演的民俗事象。从字面来看,"血"的物质性以及由其所产生的"血腥"视觉效果,是"血社火"概念之所以产生的核心要素,但是,阎家庵的血社火民俗在未经"改造"之前却并非是以"血"作为视觉装扮要素的,而且在其承传过程中,随着时代因素和非遗保护语境的更变,该民俗的内质细节和形式也发生了某些转异。本文基于民俗传承与转异的关系,对该案进行细微的民俗学窥视,借而探究当下时境中的民俗生态渐变的诸多要素,以期有助于对非物质文化遗产的变迁与保护提供一定的借鉴性思路。

The Yanjiaan village's bloody Ceremony of the Spring Festival in long County,Shaanxi Province,is the only folk phenomenon in the country that performs in the form of a ground-based social fire at night.Literally,the materiality of“blood”and the“bloody”visual effects produced by it are the core elements of the concept of"blood society fire",but the blood society fire folk customs of The Blood Society of Yan Jiaxuan were not“blood”as the visual dressup elements before it was“transformed”,and in the course of its transmission,With the change of the context of the times and the protection of non-relics,some variation has taken place in the internal details and forms of the folk customs.Based on the relationship between folk heritage and trans-generation,this paper makes a subtle peeping on the case,and explores many elements of the ecological gradient of folk customs in the present time,so as to help provide some reference ideas for the change and protection of intangible cultural heritage.